S1 : In a typical Indian village today, one is certain to find groups of women talking about finance.
S6 : In a society where women play significant but never-recognised roles, being a part of an SHG which gives them such financial power is indeed a matter of pride.
P : Sitting there, they might proudly introduce themselves by saying that they are members of a self-help group (SHG).
Q : Alternatively, they might lend money at reasonable interest rates to members for starting small businesses.
R : They can be seen sitting under a tree, in an abandoned school building, or in the front yard of a village resident's dilapidated home, holding thick notebooks.
S : An SHG is usually a community group of 10-12 women from similar socio-economic background who pool their financial resources for taking up joint economic activities.
a.
Q S P R
b.
R P S Q
c.
R Q S P
d.
S Q P R
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S1 : For much of history, surnames, or last names, were not considered necessary.
S6 : These two pieces of medieval bureaucracy meant that virtually everyone had to settle on a definite and fixed surname.
P : The other was the enactment of the Statute of Additions in 1413, which required that all legal documents to contain not just the person's given name, but also his or her occupation and place of abode.
Q : One was the introduction of a poll tax in 1379, which led the government to collect the name of every person aged sixteen or over.
R : But sometimes, the process was accelerated such as in England where two events gave a boost to the adoption of surnames.
S : The business of acquiring surnames was a long one that evolved over centuries rather than years.
a.
R S P Q
b.
Q P R S
c.
R S Q P
d.
S R Q P
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S1 : The first American settlers happened to live in the midst of perhaps the most exciting period in the history of the English language.
S6 : Had the settlers gone a quarter of a century earlier, America might well have preserved those previous forms, as it preserved many other archaisms.
P : Similarly, thee and thou pronoun forms were also dying out.
Q : This was a time when 12,000 words were being added to the language.
R : One such change which these first settlers had already adopted was to use the s form on verbs, saying has rather than hath, runs rather than runneth.
S : It was also a time of considerable change in the structure of the language.
a.
R P Q S
b.
Q S R P
c.
S Q P R
d.
Q P R S
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S1 : In 1984, two small clay tablets of vaguely rectangular shape were found in Tell Brak, Syria, dating from the fourth millennium BCE.
S6 : All our history begins with these two modest tablets as they are among the oldest examples of writing we know.
P : One of the animals may have been a goat, in which case, the other probably was a sheep.
Q : Lying there were these simple, unimpressive objects, each bearing a few discrete markings : a small indentation near the top and some sort of stick-drawn animal in the centre.
R : The indentation, on the other hand, represents, according to archaeologists, the number ten.
S : These two tablets were seen by an expert the year before the Gulf War, in an unostentatious display case in the Archaeological Museum of Baghdad.
a.
S Q P R
b.
Q S P R
c.
Q S R P
d.
S Q R P
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S1 : For generations, the Balaraju pond remained the primary water source of Perakalapudi village in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.
S6 : It was only after major restoration work was carried out to restore the pond's storage capacity that the community could return to its traditional livelihood.
P : By the 2000s, decades of water mismanagement led to a rapid drop in the groundwater table as well.
Q : However, overexploitation caused the pond to shrink to half its original size and reduced its water storage capacity by 60 per cent.
R : The pond, spread across 2-4 hectares, supported irrigation, sustained the fishing community, met household needs and remained home to a wide variety of flora and fauna.
S : As the pond disappeared, the households relied on groundwater to meet their daily needs.
a.
Q R P S
b.
Q P R S
c.
R Q S P
d.
R Q P S
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S1 : While most people are comfortable talking about colour, the concept of luminance — even though it is more fundamental — seems less familiar.
S6 : This is something the Impressionist artists were able to master and it gave a shimmering, lively quality to many of their paintings.
P : For example, given two patches of grey, they can easily tell which is lighter.
Q : As the artist and art teacher Josef Albers states, just as a musician should be able to distinguish between a higher tone and a lower tone, an artist should be able to distinguish between higher and lower light intensity between different colours.
R : Artists, however, must learn to distinguish differences in luminance, independent of colour.
S : But given two patches of different colours, it is often difficult to make the same distinction.
a.
P S R Q
b.
P S Q R
c.
R Q S P
d.
Q R S P
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S1 : Wooden furniture is durable and long-lasting, reducing the need for frequent replacement.
S6 : A still better and sustainable, though slow, way is to plant new trees to maintain the forest cover.
P : Some of these negative impacts are deforestation and the loss of habitat for numerous species of animals.
Q : Deforestation in turn disrupts water-cycles and accelerates the pace of climate change.
R : However, its use causes several negative ecological impacts.
S : One way of reducing the use of wood is to recycle it as much as possible.
a.
R P Q S
b.
Q S P R
c.
S Q R P
d.
P R S Q
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S1 : Circadian rhythm is a term used to refer to the physical, mental and behavioural changes an organism experiences over a 24-hour cycle.
S6 : Maintaining a good circadian rhythm through appropriate exposure to natural light, consistent sleep schedules and times of eating, and adequate physical exercise during the day can allow an organism to live a healthy life.
P : Prolonged disruption, moreover, can cause long-term damages such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular problems, and mental health issues.
Q : Light and dark (daytime and night-time) have the biggest influence on these circadian rhythms.
R : Circadian rhythms are also affected by food intake, stress, physical activity, social environment and temperature.
S : When any one or more than one of these cause the circadian rhythm to be disrupted, it can lead to sleep problems, drowsiness and poor focus.
a.
R Q S P
b.
Q R S P
c.
Q R P S
d.
R Q P S
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S1 : All the different parts of our eye help us to see.
S6 : These electrical signals then travel through the optic nerve to the brain which in turn converts these signals into the images we see.
P : The iris, which is the coloured part of the eye, controls how much light the pupil lets in.
Q : Next, light passes through the lens, the clear inner part of the eye, which focuses this light on the retina.
R : First, light passes through the cornea, the clear front layer of the eye, and enters the eye through an opening called the pupil.
S : When it hits the retina, special cells called photoreceptors convert the light into electrical signals.
a.
R P S Q
b.
R Q P S
c.
R Q S P
d.
R P Q S
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S1 : Humans in colder climates first began wearing some form of sturdy foot covering at least 40,000 years ago.
S6 : Today, minimalistic barefoot shoes are becoming popular because they allow the wearer to feel the ground beneath their feet while still offering some protection and support.
P : Unfortunately, modern shoes have also had a negative impact on feet due to bad design such as a narrow toe box, difference in heel to toe drop, however slight, and stiff soles.
Q : Earlier skeletons had very robust little toes that could bend and grip surfaces.
R : These gradually evolved to become less substantial than the big toe because shoe-like coverings reduced the mechanical stress on them and made them weaker.
S : The evidence for this comes from the study of changes in the structure of the toe bones of foot skeletons from that time.
a.
S Q R P
b.
Q S R P
c.
Q S P R
d.
P S Q R
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Weather, Whether, Whither
1. Weather permitting, we'll have the gathering outside.
2. Whether conditions are likely to improve by Thursday.
3. They didn't know whether they should go.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
2 and 3 only
b.
1 only
c.
1 and 3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Quiet, Quite, Quit
1. He plays quiet well.
2. They had a quite wedding.
3. He has decided to quit as the manager of the team.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
1 and 3 only
b.
3 only
c.
1 and 2 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Way, Weigh, Whey
1. I'm not happy with this way of working.
2. How much does it weigh ?
3. Whey is the thin liquid that separates from the solid parts when milk is curdled.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
2 and 3 only
b.
2 only
c.
1 and 3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Weave, Wave, Waive
1. She loves to wave stories.
2. Unfortunately, he had to waive his rights.
3. A huge weave broke on the shore.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
1 and 3 only
b.
2 only
c.
1 and 2 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Peak, Peek, Pique
1. Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning.
2. She peeked at the audience from behind the curtain.
3. When he realised nobody was listening to him, he left in a fit of pique.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
1 and 3 only
b.
1 only
c.
1 and 2 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Sent, Scent, Cent
1. A one minute phone call to the UK costs one sent.
2. The air was filled with the scent of wild flowers.
3. The dogs following him must have lost his cent.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
2 only
c.
2 and 3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Aisle, Ale, Isle
1. I always prefer the isle seat in an aeroplane.
2. He always began his day with a glass of ginger ale.
3. While on a picnic we discovered a small aisle in the middle of a lake.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
2 and 3 only
b.
2 only
c.
1 and 3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Rein, Reign, Arraign
1. Queen Elizabeth II had a long rein as a British monarch.
2. One needs to reign in their impulses at times.
3. He was arraigned before the judge yesterday.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
2 and 3 only
b.
3 only
c.
1 and 3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Ascend, Ascent, Assent
1. She made the ascend to the top of the mountains seem effortless.
2. The Prince waited a long time to ascent the throne.
3. She gave her tacit assent to the transfer of power.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
1 and 3 only
b.
2 only
c.
3 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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Brawl, Bawl, Bowl
1. The brawl caused utter confusion inside the train compartment.
2. The host served a bawl of fresh garden fruit to the guests.
3. The little kid started to bowl noisily.
In which of the sentences given above have the underlined words been used correctly ?
a.
2 only
b.
1 and 2 only
c.
1 only
d.
1, 2 and 3
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S1. Global warming is accelerating with each passing year.
S2. Recent studies indicate that temperatures are rising across continents.
The second sentence :
a.
contradicts the first
b.
contrasts the first
c.
confirms the first
d.
qualifies the first
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S1. Sarah recently contended that she has never visited Paris.
S2. Someone shared a photograph that shows Sarah standing underneath the Eiffel Tower.
The second sentence :
a.
contradicts the first
b.
contrasts with the first
c.
confirms the first
d.
qualifies the first
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Inflation 1. Expansion
B. Indentation 2. Declension
C. Infiltration 3. Permeation
D. Inflection 4. Depression
Code :
a.
4 2 3 1
b.
4 3 2 1
c.
1 3 2 4
d.
1 4 3 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Polyglot 1. Having more than one meaning
B. Polymorphous 2. A person of great and varied learning
C. Polysemy 3. A person knowing more than one language
D. Polymath 4. Having many different forms
Code :
a.
3 2 1 4
b.
3 4 2 1
c.
3 4 1 2
d.
4 3 1 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Philatelist 1. A person who studies language
B. Philanthropist 2. A person who does not value art or culture
C. Philologist 3. A person who collects stamps
D. Philistine 4. A person who helps the needy
Code :
a.
3 2 1 4
b.
3 4 2 1
c.
3 4 1 2
d.
4 3 1 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Triumph 1. Feeling great pride post victory
B. Triumphant 2. Act of celebrating a great success or victory
C. Triumphal 3. A show of smug superiority
D. Triumphalism 4. A notable success
Code :
a.
4 1 2 3
b.
2 3 4 1
c.
2 4 1 3
d.
3 1 4 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Revel 1. Unrestrained merriment
B. Revelry 2. To make merry
C. Reveal 3. Boisterous individual making merry
D. Reveller 4. Disclose
Code :
a.
1 4 2 3
b.
4 3 2 1
c.
2 1 4 3
d.
3 4 1 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Transmit 1. To happen or occur
B. Transmute 2. To continue for only a short time
C. Transpire 3. To change into something different
D. Transient 4. To send an electronic signal
Code :
a.
3 4 2 1
b.
4 2 3 1
c.
2 4 1 3
d.
4 3 1 2
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List I (Word/Term) List II (Meaning)
A. Emanated 1. Liberated
B. Emancipated 2. Starved
C. Empathised 3. Originated
D. Emaciated 4. Commiserated
Code :
a.
3 4 2 1
b.
4 2 1 3
c.
3 1 4 2
d.
4 3 1 2
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PASSAGE I
When Elizabeth Long began investigating women's book groups in the mid-1980s, her research plan provoked two profoundly different sets of reactions. Women, who had themselves participated in such groups, as well as men whose mothers and grandmothers had done so, immediately grasped the importance of her project : "You will never know what a difference it made" was the phrase she heard again and again. But among her academic colleagues, common readers seemed to be occupying a zone of cultural invisibility. They were not of interest to literature departments, whose major focus is on books and authors, not readers. They were not of interest to sociologists or political scientists because women's reading groups do not pursue activities with any obvious relationship to formal political processes. Long, however, went on to show that such groups had mobilised the women's suffrage and Progressive movements at the grassroots. Scholars of popular culture had not found reading groups interesting because the groups read canonized fiction and did not transform their cultural consumption into a 'resistant' subcultural style. It had not yet occurred to them that the so-called highbrow canonical literature could be immensely popular and devilishly subversive. David Vincent's Bread, Knowledge and Freedom (1981) had already demonstrated the important role of reading in inspiring working-class consciousness in early nineteenth-century Britain. As a sociologist, Long concluded that the really important question that needed answering was why academics did not care about readers.
In this passage, "women's suffrage" refers to :
a.
Women's suffering
b.
Women's inability to read
c.
Women's right to vote in political elections
d.
Women's anger at political rallies
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PASSAGE II
Christopher Columbus of Spain set foot in the New World in 1492. Six years later, Vasco da Gama of Portugal reached India. During the next two centuries the Spaniards and the Portuguese actively transferred, not only to Europe but to many parts of Asia as well, a number of plant species which they encountered in South and central America, in expectation of their potential either as food or as medicine. These plants had been developed to a high degree by the Maya and Inca civilizations of these regions. Of these, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) is believed to have been domesticated in terraced slopes on the high plateau of Bolivia-Peru in South America, sometime between 5000 and 2000 BC. Europeans first saw potatoes in South America in 1537, and around 1570 a Spanish ship brought the first potatoes to Europe. Though termed papa in South America, they were incorrectly called batata (the name for the sweet potato) when John Gerard first described them in English in 1597, and this name stuck. An 1860 report states that by 1780, potatoes, peas and beans were in high repute as foods in Calcutta, and that the Dutch are said to have been the first to introduce the culture of potatoes, which was received from their settlement of the Cape of Good Hope. From there the British received annually the seeds of every kind of vegetable useful at the table, as well as several plants of which there appears to be much need, especially various kinds of pot herbs.
This passage traces the history of ...
a.
the arrival of the potato in South America from Europe
b.
the arrival of the potato in Europe from India
c.
the arrival of the potato in India from Europe
d.
the arrival of the potato in India from South America
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