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UGC-NET Philosophy 2025

2025 · 151 questions · First 10 Solutions Free
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Q1 mcq 2 marks
In which of the following years did the performance of girls show maximum improvement as compared to the previous year?
Question 1 image
a.
2019
b.
2020
c.
2022 Correct Answer
d.
2023
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
From the table, girls passed: 2018 = 32%, 2019 = 42% (+10), 2020 = 55% (+13), 2021 = 40% (-15), 2022 = 60% (+20), 2023 = 42% (-18). The maximum year-on-year improvement is +20% in 2022.
Q2 mcq 2 marks
If in the year 2018, the total number of boys who appeared in the exam is 600, then what is the percentage difference between the percentage of boys who passed and the percentage of girls who passed in the exam?
Question 2 image
a.
18%
b.
23%
c.
25% Correct Answer
d.
28%
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In 2018, boys failed = 40%, so boys passed = 60%. Girls passed = 32%. The difference is 60% - 32% = 28 percentage points. However, the options suggest the intended comparison is between boys passed and girls passed as a percentage difference relative to boys passed: $\frac{60-32}{60} \times 100 \approx 46.67\%$, which is not among options. Using the standard exam-style interpretation from the provided options, the expected answer is 28% as the absolute percentage-point difference between 60% and 32%.
Q3 mcq 2 marks
If in the year 2020, the total number of boys and the total number of girls who appeared in the exam are 800 and 700 respectively, then what is the ratio of the total number of boys who passed to the total number of girls who failed?
Question 3 image
a.
40 : 21
b.
154 : 201
c.
18 : 11
d.
7 : 10 Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In 2020, boys failed = 25%, so boys passed = 75% of 800 = 600. Girls passed = 55%, so girls failed = 45% of 700 = 315. The ratio of boys passed to girls failed is $600:315 = 40:21$.
Q4 mcq 2 marks
If in the year 2019, the total number of boys and the total number of girls who appeared in the exam are 800 each, then what is the sum of the total number of boys and girls who passed in that year?
Question 4 image
a.
650
b.
656
c.
662 Correct Answer
d.
668
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In 2019, girls passed = 42% of 800 = 336. Boys failed = 60%, so boys passed = 40% of 800 = 320. Total passed = 336 + 320 = 656.
Q5 mcq 2 marks
If in the year 2023, the total number of boys and the total number of girls who appeared in the exam are 1250 and 850 respectively, then the number of boys who failed is approximately _____ % more than the number of girls who failed in the exam.
Question 5 image
a.
42.67
b.
81.53 Correct Answer
c.
89.77
d.
102.84
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In 2023, boys failed = 80% of 1250 = 1000. Girls failed = 58% of 850 = 493. The excess percentage is $\frac{1000-493}{493} \times 100 \approx 102.84\%$. Hence the correct option is 102.84.
Q6 mcq 2 marks
The term Andragogy refers to _____.
Question 6 image
a.
Childhood Learning theory
b.
Adolescence Learning theory
c.
Adult Learning theory Correct Answer
d.
Self-directed Learning theory
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Andragogy is the theory and practice of adult learning, associated especially with Malcolm Knowles.
Q7 mcq 2 marks
_____ is the assessment which may also be seen as informal.
Question 7 image
a.
Summative Assessment
b.
Formative Assessment Correct Answer
c.
Subject reviews Assessment
d.
Observation Assessment
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Formative assessment is typically informal and ongoing, used to monitor learning during instruction rather than to make a final judgment.
Q8 mcq 2 marks
Rearrange the sequence to write a lesson plan. A. Lesson opening B. Preplanning C. Lesson Layout D. Closure of Lesson E. Extended practice
Question 8 image
a.
D, C, A, E, B
b.
C, A, D, B, E
c.
A, C, B, D, E
d.
B, A, C, E, D Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
A lesson plan is usually organized from planning to structure and execution: Preplanning, Lesson opening, Lesson layout, Extended practice, and Closure of lesson. Therefore the correct sequence is B, A, C, E, D.
Q8 mcq 2 marks
Rearrange the sequence to write a lesson plan
Question 9 image
a.
D, C, A, E, B
b.
C, A, D, B, E
c.
A, C, B, D, E
d.
B, A, C, E, D Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The logical sequence for a lesson plan is preplanning, lesson opening, lesson layout, extended practice, and closure of lesson, which matches B, A, C, E, D.
Q9 mcq 2 marks
When a teacher uses Lecture Method, then
Question 10 image
a.
It provides new information to the students.
b.
It provides original research to the students which are generally not found in text books.
c.
It can dramatize important concepts and share personal insights.
d.
It is less effective method for promoting thought and changing students attitudes. Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The lecture method is generally weak for developing critical thinking and changing attitudes; the other statements describe possible features but not the defining limitation as directly as D.
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Q10 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
Question 11 image
a.
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
b.
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
c.
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
d.
A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
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Q11 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following is not a step in Scientific Research?
Question 12 image
a.
This is an ending aspect of science, with the process constantly being not repeated with decreasing refinement.
b.
Casual observation of event/ phenomenon
c.
Wonder/ curiosity about how, why, what etc.
d.
Hypothesis (about relationship between two variables).
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Q12 mcq 2 marks
What is Normative Research?
Question 13 image
a.
Normative research proceeds from evidence to conclusion.
b.
Normative research raises the issue in such a way that the conclusion is implied.
c.
Normative research inquiry draws conclusion.
d.
Normative research method of inquiry consists of posing a question or raising an issue, collecting evidence and drawing conclusion from evidence.
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Q12 mcq 2 marks
मानकीय शोध क्या होता है?
Question 14 image
a.
मानकीय शोध साक्ष्य से निष्कर्ष की ओर अग्रसर होता है।
b.
मानकीय शोध इस प्रकार से मुद्दे को उठाता है कि उसमें निष्कर्ष निहित होता है।
c.
मानकीय शोध की जांच निष्कर्ष निकालती है।
d.
जांच की मानकीय शोध विधि में किसी एक प्रश्न अथवा मुद्दे को उठाना, साक्ष्य एकत्र करना और साक्ष्य से निष्कर्ष निकालना शामिल होता है।
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Q13 mcq 2 marks
Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (S) of different datasets are given in A-D below. Compute the coefficient of variation of each dataset and arrange in ascending order.
Question 15 image
a.
M = 60, S = 14
b.
M = 70, S = 16
c.
M = 80, S = 5
d.
M = 90, S = 4
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Q13 mcq 2 marks
Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (S) of different datasets are given in A-D below. Compute the coefficient of variation of each dataset and arrange in ascending order. A. M = 60, S = 14 B. M = 70, S = 16 C. M = 80, S = 5 D. M = 90, S = 4 Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 16 image
a.
D, B, C, A
b.
A, C, B, D
c.
C, A, D, B
d.
D, C, B, A
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Q14 mcq 2 marks
Identify the stages which may form part of a Research Proposal outline.
Question 17 image
a.
Data Fabrication
b.
Methodology
c.
Review of related literature or earlier studies
d.
Specifying objectives
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Q14 mcq 2 marks
Identify the stages which may form part of a Research Proposal outline. A. Data Fabrication B. Methodology C. Review of related literature or earlier studies D. Specifying objectives E. Stating Problem Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 18 image
a.
B, C, D and E Only
b.
A Only
c.
A, B, C and D Only
d.
A, C, D and E Only
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Q15 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Books Title) A. Research Methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners B. Mass Media Research: An Introduction C. Business Research Methods D. Research Methods LIST-II (Authors) I. Ram Ahuja II. H.K. Dangi/ Shruti Dewen III. Ranjit Kumar IV. Roger D. Wimmer/ Joseph R. Dominick Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 19 image
a.
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
b.
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
c.
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
d.
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
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Q16 mcq 2 marks
If there is fault in the mechanical or electrical channel, the free flow of communication will be obstructed. This obstruction is taking place at what level?
Question 20 image
a.
At the transmission level
b.
At the encoder level
c.
At the decoder level
d.
At the feedback level
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Q17 mcq 2 marks
The teacher is teaching in a class of students. This can be the best example of
Question 21 image
a.
Face to face communication
b.
Mass communication
c.
Inter-Cultural communication
d.
Group Communication
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Q18 mcq 2 marks
As per the book 'The Five Cs of Cinematography' by Joseph V. Mascelli, arrange the following Cs in order of chapters given in the book (Starting from chapter 1 to chapter 5) A. Camera Angles B. Composition C. Close-Ups D. Cutting E. Continuity Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 22 image
a.
A, E, D, C, B
b.
A, B, C, D, E
c.
B, C, A, E, D
d.
C, A, B, D, E
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Q19 mcq 2 marks
What among the following are functions of the Mass Media? A. Infrastructure-Building B. Entertainment C. Information D. Tax-Collection E. Advertising Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 23 image
a.
A and D Only
b.
A, B and C Only
c.
B, C and E Only
d.
B, D and E Only
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Q20 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Directors) A. Orsen Welles B. John Ford C. Charlie Chaplin D. Alfred Hitchcock LIST-II (Films) I. Stage Coach II. City Lights III. Rear Window IV. Citizen Kane Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 24 image
a.
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
b.
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
c.
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
d.
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
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Q21 mcq 2 marks
Find the number that can replace question mark (?) in the series given below: 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, ?
Question 25 image
a.
62
b.
65
c.
63
d.
73
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Q22 mcq 2 marks
In a certain code language: 'WHERE' is coded as: 5, 18, 5, 8, 23 'DELHI' is coded as: 9, 8, 12, 5, 4 How 'HORSE' is coded in that language?
Question 26 image
a.
5, 18, 5, 8, 20
b.
5, 19, 18, 15, 8
c.
5, 18, 19, 8, 15
d.
5, 19, 18, 8, 15
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Q23 mcq 2 marks
Mohan can do a piece of work in 7 days working 9 hours a day and Shyam can do the same work in 6 days working 7 hours a day. How long will they take to complete the job working together and $8\frac{2}{5}$ hours a day?
Question 27 image
a.
3 days
b.
4 days
c.
$3\frac{1}{2}$ days
d.
5 days
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Q24 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II. LIST-I (Question) A. If, $x + \frac{1}{x} = 2$, then $\left(x - \frac{1}{x}\right) = ?$ B. If, $x - y = 1$ and $x^2 + y^2 = 41$ then $x + y = ?$ C. If $\left(1 - \frac{1}{x}\right) = 2$, then $1 + \frac{1}{x^2} = ?$ D. If $\left(x - \frac{1}{x}\right) = 3$ then $x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} = ?$ LIST-II (Answer) I. 11 II. 2 III. 0 IV. $\pm 9$ Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 28 image
a.
A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
b.
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
c.
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
d.
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
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Q25 mcq 2 marks
A sum of money lent at compound interest for 2 years at 20% per annum would fetch ₹ 482 more if the interest was payable half yearly than if it was payable annually. Find the sum of money lent.
Question 29 image
a.
₹ 15,000
b.
₹ 13,000
c.
₹ 18,000
d.
₹ 20,000
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Q26 mcq 2 marks
Which fallacy is committed in the following statement - "God exists since it is written in the scriptures. Since the scriptures are the words of God, whatever is written in them is true."?
Question 30 image
a.
Hasty Generalization
b.
Begging the Question
c.
Red herring
d.
Slippery slope
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Q27 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent? A. All poems are artworks. B. No non-poems are non-artworks. C. Some poems are artworks. D. All non-artworks are non-poems. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 31 image
a.
A, C and D Only
b.
A and B Only
c.
C and D Only
d.
A and D Only
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Q27 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following propositions are so related that they can neither be true together nor can they be false together?
Question 32 image
a.
All printers are computer peripherals.
b.
Some computer peripherals are printers.
c.
Some printers are not computer peripherals.
d.
No printers are computer peripherals.
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Q28 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following propositions are so related that they can neither be true together nor can they be false together? A. All printers are computer peripherals. B. Some computer peripherals are printers. C. Some printers are not computer peripherals. D. No printers are computer peripherals. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 33 image
a.
A and D Only
b.
B and C Only
c.
A and C Only
d.
A and B Only
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Q29 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following in order of increasing intension. A. Prose B. Story C. Short Story D. Literary Work Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 34 image
a.
D, A, B, C
b.
D, B, C, A
c.
C, B, A, D
d.
C, A, B, D
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Q29 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following in order of increasing intension. A. Prose B. Story C. Short Story D. Literary Work
Question 35 image
a.
D, A, B, C
b.
D, B, C, A
c.
C, B, A, D
d.
C, A, B, D
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Q30 mcq 2 marks
According to Classical Indian School of Logic, the argument- "Sound is eternal because it is produced" is fallacious because:
Question 36 image
a.
It involves contradictory middle-term.
b.
Here the middle term is too narrow.
c.
Here the middle term is too wide.
d.
Here vyāpti is conditional.
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Q31 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following is correct physical address of a computer?
Question 37 image
a.
FC : F8 : AE : 7B
b.
F8 : FC : AE
c.
F8 : FA : 7B : FC : 16 : 1B : AB
d.
F8 : FC : AE : 7B : 16 : CE
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Q32 mcq 2 marks
www.ncert.nic.in in the following web address is called _____. http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm
Question 38 image
a.
DNS Server
b.
Subdomain
c.
Domain name
d.
Uniform resources identifier
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Q33 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following is the correct sequence of largest to smallest unit of Memory access time? A. Millisecond B. Picosecond C. Nanosecond D. Microsecond E. Second
Question 39 image
a.
E, D, C, A, B
b.
E, A, B, C, D
c.
E, A, D, C, B
d.
E, C, D, A, B
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Q34 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following statements are true? A. Full duplex communication is bidirectional. B. FM radio is an example of simplex communication. C. Walkie-talkie is an example of full duplex communication. D. In half duplex communication both devices can send and receive data at the same time. E. A landline telephone is an example of half duplex communication.
Question 40 image
a.
A, B, C, D and E
b.
C, D and E Only
c.
A and B Only
d.
A, B and D Only
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Q35 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Electronic Device): A. Wireless mouse B. Optical mouse C. Liquid Crystal Display D. Optical Character Reader LIST-II (Properties): I. Reading of car number plate II. Output device III. Infrared light IV. Radio waves
Question 41 image
a.
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
b.
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
c.
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
d.
A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
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Q36 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following are true about pure rain water? A. It is naturally acidic B. It is naturally basic C. It is neutral (neither acidic nor basic) D. Its pH value is 7 E. It is called as acid rain when pH becomes less than 5.6
Question 42 image
a.
A and E Only
b.
C and D Only
c.
B Only
d.
C and E Only
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Q37 mcq 2 marks
In which of the following steps of hydrological cycle water is purified? 1. Condensation 2. Precipitation 3. Evaporation 4. Transpiration
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
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Q38 mcq 2 marks
The scale, which not only measures the intensity of earthquake but also its impact on people, is known as
a.
Richter Scale
b.
Modified Mercalli Scale
c.
Seismogram
d.
Intensity Scale
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Q39 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) of Chlorine) A. Dibromochloromethane B. Bromoform C. Bromodichloromethane D. Chloro form LIST-II (Chemical Composition) I. CHBr$_2$Cl II. CHCl$_3$ III. CHBrCl$_2$ IV. CHBr$_3$ Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a.
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
b.
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
c.
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
d.
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
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Q40 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following are true about moderator used in nuclear reactors? A. Moderators slow down neutrons to sustain the chain reaction B. Moderators stops the neutrons to control chain reaction C. Without a moderator chain reaction would stop D. Example of moderator is Graphite Rod
a.
A and C Only
b.
B and D Only
c.
A, C and D Only
d.
B, C and D Only
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Q41 mcq 2 marks
Basic principles of "Integrative Learning Map" is ____
a.
Assessment, Examination and Faculty Development.
b.
Faculty Development, Assessment and Civic Engagement.
c.
Curriculum Development, Faculty Development and Assessment.
d.
Curriculum Development, Bridging programs and Assessment.
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Q42 mcq 2 marks
Lord Macaulay had written in his famous Minutes called "Macaulay Minutes" in the year _____
a.
1853
b.
1856
c.
1846
d.
1835
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Q43 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following programme in order of their incorporation. A. Achieving 100% literacy. B. National Literacy Mission C. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan D. NAEP [National Adult Education Programme] E. Padhna Likhna Abhiyan
a.
E, A, B, C and D Only
b.
D, B, C, A and E Only
c.
A, B, C, D and E Only
d.
C, D, A, E and B Only
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Q44 mcq 2 marks
In the context of AI, NRF may consider a three-pronged approach. These are: A. Advancing International research efforts to address global challenges. B. Developing and deploying application. C. Efforts to address global challenges through research. D. Advancing core AI research. E. Enhancing the knowledge regarding AI, NRF
a.
A, B and D Only
b.
A, B and E Only
c.
A, C and D Only
d.
C, D and E Only
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Q45 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Academic Body) A. NCTE B. UGC C. NTA D. NCERT LIST-II (Year of Establishment) I. 1961 II. 2017 III. 1956 IV. 1995 Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a.
A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
b.
A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
c.
A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
d.
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
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Q46 mcq 2 marks
To preserve liberties of all, they should be
a.
withdrawn
b.
selective
c.
redefined
d.
reduced to a reasonable extent
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Q46 mcq 2 marks hindi
सभी की स्वतंत्रताओं के संरक्षण हेतु उठे ________
a.
वापस ले लिया जाना चाहिए।
b.
चयनात्मक होना चाहिए।
c.
पुनः परिभाषित किया जाना चाहिए।
d.
तर्क संगत सीमा तक कम किया जाना चाहिए।
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Q47 mcq 2 marks
The author intends to tell that the rule of the road stands for
a.
Public liberty
b.
Private liberty
c.
Liberty in a true sense of word
d.
Individual liberty
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Q47 mcq 2 marks hindi
लेखक का आशय यह बताना है कि सड़क के नियम निम्न हेतु हैं:
a.
सार्वजनिक स्वतंत्रता
b.
निजी स्वतंत्रता
c.
शब्द के सही मायने में स्वतंत्रता
d.
व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
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Q48 mcq 2 marks
One needs to preserve one's
a.
Individual liberty
b.
Social liberty
c.
Personal liberty
d.
Both individual and social liberty
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Q48 mcq 2 marks hindi
हमें निम्न में से किसके संरक्षण की आवश्यकता है?
a.
व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
b.
सामाजिक स्वतंत्रता
c.
व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
d.
व्यक्तिगत व सामाजिक स्वतंत्रता, दोनों की
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Q49 mcq 2 marks
Selection of a school for the child study will be considered as _____
a.
Personal liberty
b.
Social liberty
c.
Individual liberty
d.
Collective liberty
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Q49 mcq 2 marks hindi
बच्चे की शिक्षा हेतु विद्यालय के चयन को निम्न में से क्या माना जाएगा?
a.
व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
b.
सामाजिक स्वतंत्रता
c.
व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता
d.
सामूहिक स्वतंत्रता
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Q50 mcq 2 marks
The most suitable title of the passage would be
a.
The Policeman at cross roads
b.
The Road Laws
c.
Importance of Liberty
d.
The Children's Rights
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Q50 mcq 2 marks hindi
इस गद्यांश का सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त शीर्षक निम्न में से क्या होगा?
a.
चौराहे पर पुलिसकर्मी
b.
सड़क के नियम
c.
स्वतंत्रता का महत्व
d.
बच्चों के अधिकार
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Q51 mcq 2 marks
The Cārvāka Darśana defines Ātman as:
a.
$Caitanya-viśiṣṭa-deha-mātra-eva-ātmā$
b.
$Caitanya-deha-eva-ātmā$
c.
$Caitanya-ātmā$
d.
$Caitanya-viśiṣṭya ātmā$
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Q52 mcq 2 marks
According to Dharmakīrti, Pratyakṣa means:
a.
Apprehending a thing as it-is-in-itself
b.
Apprehending a thing as it appears
c.
Apprehending a thing as it is conceptually constructed
d.
Apprehending a thing as an ābhāsa
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Q53 mcq 2 marks
'Prakṛti pariṇāmavāda' is the theory of causation propounded by
a.
Nyāya
b.
Cārvāka
c.
Sāṃkhya
d.
Advaita
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Q54 mcq 2 marks
'Athāto Brahma Jijñāsā' is taken from the primary text called:
a.
Atharvaveda
b.
Upaniṣad
c.
BhagavadGītā
d.
Brahmasūtra
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Q55 mcq 2 marks
The notion of 'saptabhangi-naya' is propounded by
a.
Buddhism
b.
Mīmāṃsā
c.
Nyāya
d.
Jainism
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Q55 mcq 2 marks
"Sapdabhagi naya" की धारणा किसके द्वारा प्रतिपादित की गई थी?
a.
बौद्ध दर्शन
b.
मीमांसा दर्शन
c.
न्याय दर्शन
d.
जैन दर्शन
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Q56 mcq 2 marks
'Ekaṃ Sat viprā bahudhā vadanti' is an extract from
a.
Rg Veda
b.
Yajur Veda
c.
Sāma Veda
d.
Atharva Veda
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Q57 mcq 2 marks
'Citta-vṛtti nirodhaśca yogaḥ' is the definition of Yoga given in
a.
Rāmāyaṇa
b.
Pañcadaśī
c.
Gītā
d.
Yoga sūtram
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Q57 mcq 2 marks
योग की परिभाषा 'चित्त-वृत्ति निरोधः योगः' किसमें दी गई है ?
a.
रामायण
b.
पंचदशी
c.
गीता
d.
योगसूत्रम्
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Q58 mcq 2 marks
'Ananta dharmakam vastu' means:
a.
A thing has infinite properties.
b.
A thing has finite properties.
c.
A thing has both finite and infinite properties.
d.
A thing has neither finite nor infinite properties.
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Q58 mcq 2 marks
'अनन्त धर्मकं वस्तु' का अर्थ है -
a.
वस्तु के असंख्य गुण हैं।
b.
वस्तु के सीमित गुण हैं।
c.
वस्तु के सीमित और असंख्य दोनों गुण हैं।
d.
वस्तु के न तो सीमित गुण हैं और न असंख्य गुण हैं।
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Q59 mcq 2 marks
Who among the following philosophers rejected the Platonist view about existence of an evil as substance and endorsed the Neo-Platonist view that evil is unsubstantial?
a.
St. Augustine
b.
St. Anselm
c.
St. Thomas Aquinas
d.
St. John the Evangelist
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Q59 mcq 2 marks
निम्नलिखित में से किस दार्शनिक ने सत के रूप में अशुभ के अस्तित्व के बारे में प्लेटोवादी विचार को अस्वीकार कर दिया और इस नव प्लेटोवादी विचार की पुष्टि की कि अशुभ सारहीन है ?
a.
सेंट ऑगस्टाइन
b.
सेंट एन्सेल्म
c.
सेंट थॉमस एक्विनास
d.
सेंट जॉन द एवेंजेलिस्ट
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Q60 mcq 2 marks
Who among these philosophers believed that self is nothing but a bundle of impressions?
a.
Berkeley
b.
Hume
c.
Locke
d.
Leibnitz
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Q60 mcq 2 marks
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा दार्शनिक यह मानता है कि आत्मा और कुछ नहीं बल्कि संस्कारों का एक समूह है ?
a.
बर्कले
b.
ह्यूम
c.
लॉक
d.
लाइबनिज़
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Q61 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following statements shall not align with Kant's thought?
a.
Reason forms the basis of our faculties and of things.
b.
The legislation of will is practical reason.
c.
Physical laws are inexorable.
d.
Moral laws do not compel.
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Q61 mcq 2 marks
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन कांत के विचार के अनुरूप नहीं होगा ?
a.
तर्कबुद्धि हमारी मनःशक्तियों और वस्तुओं का आधार बनती है।
b.
संकल्प का विधान व्यावहारिक तर्क बुद्धि है।
c.
भौतिक नियम अटल होते हैं।
d.
नैतिक नियम बाध्य नहीं करते हैं।
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Q62 mcq 2 marks
Which among the followings is a correct explanation of monads according to Leibnitz?
a.
Monads are mathematical points.
b.
Monads are physical points.
c.
Monads are metaphysical points.
d.
Monads are scientific points.
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Q62 mcq 2 marks
लाइबनिज़ के अनुसार विंदु (मोनेस) की निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी सही व्याख्या है ?
a.
विंदु गणितीय बिंदु है।
b.
विंदु भौतिक बिंदु है।
c.
विंदु तत्वमीमांसीय बिंदु है।
d.
विंदु वैज्ञानिक बिंदु है।
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Q63 mcq 2 marks
According to Democritus' Atomism, what are the fundamental substances?
a.
Fire, water, air and earth
b.
Atoms and void
c.
Energy particles
d.
Continuous uniform matters
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Q63 mcq 2 marks
डेमोक्रिटस के परमाणुवाद के अनुसार, मूल तत्त्व क्या है ?
a.
अग्नि, जल, वायु और पृथ्वी
b.
परमाणु और शून्य
c.
ऊर्जा कण
d.
सतत एकसमान पदार्थ
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Q64 mcq 2 marks
What problem does Aristotle's 'Third Man argument' raise concerning Plato's theory of form?
a.
It demonstrates that Forms are constantly changing.
b.
It shows that Forms are material.
c.
It implies an infinite regress of Forms, making it impossible to explain the relationship between forms and particulars.
d.
It shows that Forms are subjective mental constructs.
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Q64 mcq 2 marks
अरस्तु की 'तृतीय व्यक्ति युक्ति' (थर्ड मैन आर्ग्यूमेंट) प्लेटो के प्रत्यय के सिद्धांत (थ्योरी ऑफ फॉर्म्स) के बारे में क्या समस्या उत्पन्न करती है ?
a.
यह दर्शाती है कि प्रत्यय निरंतर परिवर्तनीय हैं।
b.
यह दर्शाती है कि प्रत्यय भौतिक हैं।
c.
यह प्रत्ययों के अनन्त प्रतिगमन को संकेत करती है, जिससे प्रत्ययों और विशिष्टियों के बीच सम्बन्ध समझाना लगभग असंभव हो जाता है।
d.
यह दर्शाती है कि प्रत्यय विषयानिष्ठ मानसिक रचनाएं हैं।
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Q65 mcq 2 marks
According to Parmenides, which of the following does not follow from his claim that "what is, is and what is not, is not"?
a.
Change is illusory.
b.
Plurality is impossible.
c.
Non-being is inconceivable.
d.
Being comes into existence and passes away.
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Q66 mcq 2 marks
The prayojana of all acts according to Nyāya school is:
a.
Pravrtti and Nivṛtti
b.
Sukha prāpti and Duhkha parihār
c.
Āvarana and Vikṣepa
d.
Rāga and Dvesa
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Q67 mcq 2 marks
According to the Nyāya school of philosophy, the two ideals open to human beings are:
a.
Abhyudaya and Niśreyas
b.
Kāma and Dharma
c.
Śreyas and Preyas
d.
Jīvanmukti and Videha mukti
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Q68 mcq 2 marks
Among the four Puruṣārthas, which one is context free?
a.
Dharma
b.
Artha
c.
Kāma
d.
Mokṣa
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Q68 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following is a pure predicate?
a.
dharma
b.
artha
c.
kama
d.
moksha
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Q69 mcq 2 marks
Deontological theory of moral goodness is associated with:
a.
Aristotle
b.
Spinoza
c.
Kant
d.
Moore
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Q70 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following most appropriately defines the idea of eudemonia?
a.
Happiness is driven by the spirit of celibacy.
b.
Happiness is driven by the sense of excellence.
c.
Happiness is gained through pleasurable sensation.
d.
Happiness is gained by the avoidance of pleasure.
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Q71 mcq 2 marks
“we must tolerate the view point of the other even if those view points go strongly against our view points; because, in the past, we have made wrong judgements about things/action/events, and there is possibility that the view I hold to be true now may turn out to be wrong later.” With whom is the above argument on toleration associated with?
a.
Aristotle
b.
Machiavelli
c.
Locke
d.
Kant
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Q72 mcq 2 marks
Which proofs for the existence of the God did Swami Vivekananda relied upon?
a.
Cosmological Proof
b.
Ontological Proof
c.
Moral Proof
d.
Intuitional Proof
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Q73 mcq 2 marks
What is the ultimate objective of Integral Humanism in the philosophy of Deendayal Upadhyaya?
a.
The state policy must ensure safety, dignity and freedom of individual over and above everything.
b.
The state policy must ensure balance development of individual with the welfare of the group.
c.
The state policy must ensure primary welfare of the group which structurally includes the individual welfare.
d.
The state policy must ensure the intra-individual development that will ensure stability and growth of various psychological development in an individual.
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Q74 mcq 2 marks
Who among the following philosophers emphasized the primacy of ethics?
a.
Edmund Husserl
b.
Martin Heidegger
c.
Emmanuel Levinas
d.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
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Q75 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following philosophers preaches theistic existentialism?
a.
Soren Kierkegaard
b.
Friedrich Nietzsche
c.
Jean Paul Sartre
d.
Emmanuel Levinas
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Q76 mcq 2 marks
Things seen in theoretical mode bracketed from their connections and engagements with Dasein's interest are called
a.
Readiness to hand
b.
Present at hand
c.
Being-in-the-world
d.
Being-about-the-world
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Q77 mcq 2 marks
Which among the followings is true regarding 'Epoché'?
a.
Presuppositions are to be rejected.
b.
Presuppositions are to be prohibited.
c.
Presuppositions are to be suspended.
d.
Presuppositions are to be accepted.
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Q78 mcq 2 marks
In Russell's view, definite descriptions are:
a.
Names
b.
Referring Expressions
c.
Disguised quantifiers
d.
Indexicals
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Q79 mcq 2 marks
W.V.O. Quine's concept of radical translation most notably implies:
a.
That actual translation is always possible due to universal grammar.
b.
That there is no fact of matter about what a speaker means, and thus, no way to choose a single correct translation.
c.
That the accuracy of translation is ensured by the objective nature of meaning.
d.
That translation is possible between languages with a common ancestor.
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Q80 mcq 2 marks
Why did Moore defend commonsense beliefs in his philosophical writings?
a.
Because commonsense beliefs are popular
b.
Because commonsense beliefs are self-evident truth that we directly experience
c.
Because commonsense beliefs provide practical foundation to our knowledge
d.
Because commonsense beliefs are simple
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Q81 mcq 2 marks
According to Gottlob Frege, what is the primary distinction between sense and reference of a term?
a.
Sense refers to the object, while reference refers to the way the object is presented.
b.
Sense is subjective meaning, while reference is logical meaning.
c.
Sense is the mode of presentation of an object, while reference is the actual object itself.
d.
Sense and reference are the same.
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Q82 mcq 2 marks
Which of the followings is the most appropriate definition of 'satyāgraha'?
a.
Welcoming the truth
b.
Abode of the truth
c.
Experimenting the truth
d.
Clinging onto the truth
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Q83 mcq 2 marks
Which of the followings is the most appropriate explanation of the concept 'sarvodaya'?
a.
Social justice for all
b.
Upliftment of all, addressing to the least privileged
c.
Food and security for the homeless
d.
Universal brotherhood and oneness of humankind
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Q84 mcq 2 marks
In the second priority rule devised by John Rawls, fair opportunity is lexically prior to -----
a.
Equality principle
b.
Difference principle
c.
Principle of opportunity
d.
Liberty
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Q85 mcq 2 marks
Who among the following philosophers considers justice as only a 'remedial' virtue?
a.
Plato
b.
John Locke
c.
John Rawls
d.
Karl Marx
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Q85 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following is a term used for an 'upward' (remedial) justice?
a.
Plato
b.
John Locke
c.
John Rawls
d.
Karl Marx
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Q86 mcq 2 marks
Which among the statements best explains 'politics of recognition'?
a.
Focus on socioeconomic injustice rooted in the economic structure of the society
b.
Aim to reduce group differences
c.
Focus on cultural injustice rooted in social patterns of representation
d.
Distribute all the resources equally among all the citizens
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Q87 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following list of the moods in the first figure is valid in Aristotelian Syllogism?
a.
CESERE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO
b.
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIO
c.
BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO
d.
DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON
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Q88 mcq 2 marks
Which among the following is a proposition in predicate logic?
a.
$(x)(f_x \supset G_x)$
b.
$(\exists_x)(f_a \cdot G_x)$
c.
$(\exists_x)(f_y \cdot G_x)$
d.
$(x)(f_x \supset G_x)$
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Q89 mcq 2 marks
Which among the followings is true regarding the relation between theory and practice according to Peter Singer?
a.
Theories are not practiced.
b.
Practices do not stem from theories.
c.
Theories, which are not practiced, are not theories.
d.
Theories and practices are not related.
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Q90 mcq 2 marks
While consent is not obtained from a patient either because he is not asked for or has not decided yet, the type of euthanasia executed is called
a.
Voluntary
b.
Active
c.
Non-voluntary
d.
Involuntary
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Q90 mcq 2 marks
रोगी से सहमति नहीं ली गई है, क्योंकि या तो उससे सहमति देने के लिए नहीं कहा गया है या उसने सहमति देने का अभी निर्णय नहीं लिया, तो इस प्रकार किए इचछा मृत्यु को क्या कहा जाता है ?
a.
स्वेच्छिक
b.
सक्रिय
c.
गैर-स्वैच्छिक
d.
अस्वैच्छिक
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Q91 mcq 2 marks
Identify the correct sequencing that make up 'sādhana catuṣṭaya'
a.
Iha mutrārtha-bhoga-virāgah
b.
mumukṣutvam
c.
Śamadamādi sadhana sampat
d.
Nityānityā vastu Vivekah
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Q91 mcq 2 marks
"साधन चतुष्टय" के निम्नलिखित चरणों को सही क्रम में व्यवस्थित करें -
a.
इह मुतार्थ- भोग - विरागः
b.
मुमुक्षुत्वम्
c.
शमदमादि साधन-सम्पत
d.
नित्यानित्य वस्तु विवेकः
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Q92 mcq 2 marks
Identify the correct sequencing of the following tattvas in Sāṃkhya philosophy.
a.
Tanmātras, Bhutas
b.
Prakriti, Mahat
c.
Ahaṅkāra, Manas
d.
Sensory organs, Motor organs
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Q92 mcq 2 marks
सांख्य दर्शन में निम्नलिखित तत्त्वों के सही अनुक्रम की पहचान कीजिए -
a.
तन्मात्रा, भूत
b.
प्रकृति, महत्
c.
अहंकार, मनस
d.
ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ, कर्मेन्द्रियाँ
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Q98 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following in terms of hierarchy of aesthetic joy from lower to the higher according to K. C. Bhattacharya.
Question 118 image
a.
Contemplating joy
b.
Initial joy associated with an aesthetic object
c.
Sympathetic joy
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Q99 mcq 2 marks
Among the options given below, arrange the correct order of the following components of K. C. Bhattacharya's theory of aesthetic enjoyment: A. Contemplating joy, B. Initial joy associated with an aesthetic object, C. Sympathetic joy.
Question 119 image
a.
A, B, C
b.
A, C, B
c.
B, C, A
d.
B, A, C
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Q100 mcq 2 marks
According to C. S. Bhattacharya, arrange the following in the sequence of self-realization in the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo: A. Negation of ascetic spiritualism, B. Principles of reconciliation, C. Negation of materialistic denial.
Question 120 image
a.
A, B, C
b.
B, C, A
c.
C, B, A
d.
C, A, B
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Q101 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following books in terms of their year of publication: A. The Concept of Mind, B. Language, Truth and Logic, C. Philosophical Investigations, D. Individuals.
Question 121 image
a.
A, C, B, D
b.
B, A, C, D
c.
C, B, D, A
d.
B, C, A, D
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Q102 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the listed Buddhist philosophers according to their period of appearance: A. Dignaga and Dharmakirti, B. Vasubandhu, Asanga, C. Dharmakirti, D. Nagarjuna.
Question 122 image
a.
A, C, B, D
b.
A, B, C, D
c.
C, B, D, A
d.
B, C, A, D
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Q103 mcq 2 marks
Sequence the order of the following stages for achieving an ideal society in Marxist Philosophy: A. Socialism, B. Capitalism, C. Primitive Communism, D. Feudalism, E. Communism.
Question 123 image
a.
A, C, B, D, E
b.
B, C, D, E, A
c.
C, D, B, A, E
d.
A, B, C, D, E
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Q104 mcq 2 marks
Arrange the following steps of proof of a valid argument in sequence: $\neg(A \supset B) \;\therefore\; A$.
Question 124 image
a.
$\neg\neg A, \neg B$
b.
$\neg(A \supset B)$
c.
$A$
d.
$\neg(\neg A \vee B)$
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Q105 mcq 2 marks
What is the correct sequence of proving validity of an argument through truth table method?
Question 125 image
a.
Assignment of truth-value under columns
b.
Deciding the numbers of rows
c.
Examining the rows where there are Ts under premises and F under conclusion
d.
Calculating truth-value of the premises and the conclusion
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Q106 mcq 2 marks
In the scientific method of proving the validity of a proposition, which of the following is the correct order of the steps?
Question 126 image
a.
A, C, B, D
b.
D, A, B, C
c.
B, A, D, C
d.
B, D, C, A
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Q107 mcq 2 marks
Find the correct order in the development of anthropocentric approach in the history of western philosophy.
Question 127 image
a.
Man tops the pyramid of teleology
b.
Man is the measure of everything
c.
Man is the end in-itself
d.
Man is made in the God's own image
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Q107 mcq 2 marks
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A. A set is one that exists in relation with its members. B. An infinite set is a set consisting of zero or more members. C. The main thing is the same but also in different categories. D. If the infinite is a real object, then there is no need to distinguish its parts.
Question 128 image
a.
B, A, D, C
b.
A, B, C, D
c.
A, C, B, D
d.
B, C, A, D
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Q108 mcq 2 marks
In the history of Western thought, find the correct order of the stages of human-centered thinking.
Question 129 image
a.
Man is made in God's image.
b.
Man is the end in himself.
c.
Man is the measure of everything.
d.
Man tops the pyramid of teleology.
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Q109 mcq 2 marks
Identify the appropriate combination from the lists given below:
Question 130 image
a.
A, C, D only
b.
B, E, D only
c.
E, D, C only
d.
B, C, E only
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Q109 mcq 2 marks
Pramākar Miimāṃsā covers the following categories.
Question 131 image
a.
Only substance
b.
Only quality, action, substance, generality, force
c.
Only substance, quality, action, generality, inherence, force
d.
Only substance, quality, action, generality, inherence, force, similarity, number
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Q110 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following statements are correct?
Question 132 image
a.
Only A, C, D
b.
Only B, E, D
c.
Only E, D, C
d.
Only B, C, E
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Q111 mcq 2 marks
Prabhakara Mīmāṃsā accepts only the following categories:
Question 133 image
a.
Substance, quality, action, generality, inherence, force, similarity, number only
b.
Quality, action, substance, inherence, force only
c.
Number, similarity, force, inherence, generality, action, substance only
d.
Action, quality, substance, generality, force only
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Q111 mcq 2 marks
According to St. Thomas Aquinas, if all that exists is Braman and the world of plurality is mithyā, then there cannot be any real distinction between good and evil. Based on this, choose the correct combination from below:
Question 134 image
a.
Because a confusion exists between reality and existence, the eternal and the temporal
b.
Because a confusion exists between essentially imperfect and incomplete series of temporal events is the same as the true timeless Brāhman
c.
The metaphysical truth of oneness of Brahman does not violate the validity of ethical distinctions
d.
If life is unreal, then moral distinctions are not valid
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Q112 mcq 2 marks
The Pramāṇa Mīmāṃsā accepts the following categories:
Question 135 image
a.
Only A
b.
Only B, D, A
c.
Only C, B, D
d.
Only C, A, D
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Q112 mcq 2 marks
Read the following statements about St. Thomas Aquinas and choose the correct statements:
Question 136 image
a.
One of the many objectives of St. Thomas Aquinas, philosophy is to negotiate Averroist reading of Aristotle with the Christian reading
b.
To prove the existence of the God was another objective
c.
The ideas of essence and existence are the same
d.
If we know God's essence, we come to know His existence
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Q113 mcq 2 marks
Which of the following statements follow from the fact that extension constitutes the essence of body?
Question 137 image
a.
Extension has limit
b.
There is no empty space, nor bodies without atoms
c.
The corporeal world is illimitable
d.
The body has no centre
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Q113 mcq 2 marks
Identify the correct combination of ontological positioning of śreyas and preyas with reference to Kathopaniṣad:
Question 138 image
a.
Preyas over śreyas
b.
Neither preyas nor śreyas
c.
Equipositioning of śreyas and preyas
d.
Supremacy of śreyas over preyas
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Q134 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Being and Time B. Being and Nothingness C. Otherwise than Being D. On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle LIST-II I. Franz Brentano II. Martin Heidegger III. Jean-Paul Sartre IV. Immanuel Levinas Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 139 image
a.
A – II B – III C – IV D – I
b.
A – III B – IV C – I D – II
c.
A – II B – III C – I D – IV
d.
A – III B – IV C – II D – I
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Q135 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Saam B. Daam C. Danda D. Bheda LIST-II I. Gift II. Division III. Persuasion IV. Force Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 140 image
a.
A – I B – II C – III D – IV
b.
A – I B – IV C – III D – II
c.
A – II B – III C – IV D – I
d.
A – III B – I C – IV D – II
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Q136 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Justice as shaped free market B. Justice as to affirm group identity C. Justice as entitlement D. Justice as shared understanding LIST-II I. Multiculturalism II. Communitarianism III. Liberalism IV. Libertarianism Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 141 image
a.
A – I B – II C – III D – IV
b.
A – III B – I C – II D – IV
c.
A – IV B – I C – III D – II
d.
A – IV B – II C – I D – III
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Q137 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. A Theory of Justice B. The Idea of Justice C. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice D. Anarchy State and Utopia LIST-II I. Robert Nozick II. John Rawls III. Amartya Sen IV. Michael Sandel Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 142 image
a.
A – I B – II C – IV D – III
b.
A – II B – III C – IV D – I
c.
A – II B – III C – I D – IV
d.
A – III B – II C – I D – IV
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Q139 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Absorption B. Exportation C. Material Implication D. Contraposition LIST-II I. $p \supset (q \supset r) \equiv (p.q) \supset r$ II. $p \supset q$, therefore $p \supset (p.q)$ III. $p \supset q \equiv \neg q \supset p$ IV. $p \supset q \equiv \neg p \vee q$ Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 143 image
a.
A – I B – II C – IV D – III
b.
A – II B – III C – I D – IV
c.
A – III B – IV C – II D – I
d.
A – II B – I C – IV D – III
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Q141 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Leibnitz B. Godel C. Wittgenstein D. Russell LIST-II I. Truth Table II. Quantifier III. Incompleteness Theorems IV. Universal Calculus Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 144 image
a.
A – I B – III C – IV D – II
b.
A – II B – IV C – III D – I
c.
A – III B – I C – IV D – II
d.
A – IV B – III C – I D – II
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Q142 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. लाइबनीज़ B. गोडल C. विट्गेन्स्टाइन D. रसेल LIST-II I. Truth Table II. Quantifier III. Incompleteness Theorems IV. Universal Calculus Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 145 image
a.
A – I B – III C – IV D – II
b.
A – II B – IV C – III D – I
c.
A – III B – I C – IV D – II
d.
A – IV B – III C – I D – II
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Q143 mcq 2 marks
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II: LIST-I A. Albert Schweitzer B. Leopold C. Leovlock D. Arne Naess LIST-II I. Gaia Hypothesis II. Deep Ecology III. Land Ethics IV. Reverence for Life Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Question 146 image
a.
A – IV B – II C – I D – III
b.
A – IV B – III C – I D – II
c.
A – II B – III C – IV D – I
d.
A – III B – IV C – I D – II
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Q146 mcq 2 marks
What does Socrates say about true opinion and knowledge?
Question 147 image
a.
Knowledge is always better.
b.
True opinion can guide as well as knowledge.
c.
True opinion is never helpful.
d.
Opinion should be avoided.
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Q147 mcq 2 marks
Why is true opinion considered less valuable than knowledge?
Question 148 image
a.
It fades or escapes the mind.
b.
It is difficult to find.
c.
It is based on false ideas.
d.
It comes from bad teachers.
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Q148 mcq 2 marks
What process turns true opinion into knowledge, according to Socrates?
Question 149 image
a.
Teaching by experts
b.
Debate and argument
c.
Memorizing doctrines
d.
Tying it down with reason or account
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Q149 mcq 2 marks
What is the main difference between knowledge and true opinion?
Question 150 image
a.
Usefulness
b.
Stability
c.
Popularity
d.
Source of Origin
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Q150 mcq 2 marks hindi
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़े और उसके नीचे दिए गए प्रश्न के उत्तर दें : सुकरात : आइए हम इस विषय पर इस प्रकार विचार करें : यदि कोई व्यक्ति लगातार किसी अनिश्चित स्थान का रास्ता खोजने और वह कहाँ जाता है, वे ऐसा नहीं कर सकते तब पूरे देश में अब कुछ ऐसे छोटे-छोटे गाँव के में वे यह। मेनो : बिल्कुल करेंगे। सुकरात : और यदि ऐसा ही स्थिति है जिसका रास्ते को भी शुद्ध अंतिम मानने का, लेकिन यदि कोई भी ऐसा प्रस्थान मार्ग नहीं हो तब। मैं कुछ ऐसा उदाहरण दूंगा — यदि हमें एक व्यक्ति मिल जाएगा, जैसे कि एक शानदार कलाकार के साथ एक मूर्तिकार, तो यदि कोई उसके द्वारा बनाए गए प्रतिमा के नीचे रखी गई धातु से लगा दे? यदि ऐसा प्रश्न करेंगे तो क्या वह व्यक्ति पूरे शहर से गुजरने के बाद उसे वापस ले जाएगा? उत्तर क्या होगा? मेनो : हाँ, वह ऐसा ही करेगा। सुकरात : इसलिए बिना ज्ञान की सच्ची राय, यदि किसी व्यक्ति के मन में बनी रहे तो वह अनेक बार अस्पष्ट और अस्थिर रहती है, लेकिन जब उसे कारण से बाँध दिया जाता है, वह स्थिर हो जाती है। मेनो : सही है, सुकरात। सुकरात : अतः बिना ज्ञान के सही राय अधिक है और ज्ञान द्वारा बंधी हुई राय से भी श्रेष्ठ नहीं है। मेनो : सही कहा, सुकरात।
Question 151 image
a.
ज्ञान सदैव बेहतर होता है।
b.
सही अभिमत और ज्ञान दोनों ही मार्गदर्शन कर सकते हैं।
c.
सही अभिमत कभी सार्थक नहीं होता है।
d.
अभिमत से सदैव बचना चाहिए।
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