Dec

motivation level in learners, past experience Ethical considerations while conducting any of learners and the kind of interpersonal research has a major impact on the findings of dynamics among them. the study. They become relevant mostly at the 7. Option (d) is correct. time of data collection, analysis and reporting Formative assessment includes various the findings of the study. methods used by teachers to gauge the learning

level of students and identify the gaps which Experimental method involves studying need to be filled. Methods like quiz, providing the variable in a controlled environment for feedback and using five-point scale are few establishing cause and effect relationships. good options. Ex post facto research is done after the occurrence of an event or an incident to identify 8. Option (b) is correct. the causes of its occurrence. Key behaviour for effective learning will Historical research is done to study something include ensuring lesson clarity, engagement of which has happened in the past by using students and understanding the rate at which secondary and primary methods both. students understand the exercises. Ethnographic research is the study of common 9. Option (c) is correct. people in their existing environment by using Research is challenging the existing concepts, various tools. breaking down concepts to reach a conclusion

and passionate hunt for knowledge. Action research is a study conducted by a 10. Option (c) is correct. person while working or being employed Thesis has a systematic format of writing. at a particular place to improve the present Research paper is normally a brief summary of situations or methods. any study being conducted.

Workshop is conducted for enhancing For an effective teaching-learning process knowledge in the group of audience. the organizer needs to accurately identify the expected outcome from the process, the process Seminars are conducted to encourage and or strategies which will be followed, how the create an insight into a topic through discussion performance will be evaluated and what is the among the experts of the field. level of the learners. 11. Option (d) is correct.

If a manager is respected by subordinates, then Designing a well-structured project for learners the preventive strategies will be considered as will be the best tool to promote direct learning a sincere attempt to solve problems. in students. 12. Option (b) is correct.

The passage highlights that if a leader will The key learner’s characteristics to ensure an respect the subordinates, then he will receive effective teaching learning process will be high respect from them.

Formative evaluation is conducted during the instructional process to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback to improve teaching and learning. Devices that are part of formative evaluation include: 1. Conducting a quiz session (provides quick feedback during the learning process), 4. Providing corrective feedback during discussions (immediate intervention to clear misconceptions), and 5. Encouraging opportunities for metacognitive thinking (helps students monitor and regulate their own learning process). In contrast, post-instructional tests (2) and grading performance (6) belong to summative evaluation, and a master test (3) is typically criterion-referenced or summative. Therefore, 1, 4, and 5 form part of formative evaluation, making (d) the correct option.

In matching Set-I (Format of presentation) with Set-II (Distinctive features): - Thesis/dissertation follows a systematic, prescribed format (v). - Research paper is a presentation or summary of research done (iv). - Workshop involves target-oriented, group-based practical reflection and hands-on activities (ii). - Seminar involves reflective deliberations based on specific themes (iii). Thus, the matching corresponds to Seminar paired with (iii) / (iv) depending on the codes, and the correct option representing the complete matched code is (d).

For question 6 on learner characteristics that ensure effectiveness of teaching, the key characteristics include: 2. Learner's level of motivation - high motivation directly enhances learning engagement and outcomes. 5. Prior experience of the learner - prior knowledge and experience are foundational for constructing new understanding (constructivism). 6. Interpersonal relations of learners - positive interpersonal relations facilitate peer learning, collaboration, and classroom harmony. Characteristics such as merely obeying rules (1), feelings toward the broad social system (3), or interest in sports and games (4) are not direct drivers of academic teaching effectiveness. Therefore, the combination is 2, 5, and 6, which corresponds to option (a).

In managerial leadership, a preventive maintenance strategy proactively identifies potential conflicts, bottlenecks, or obstacles and resolves them before they escalate into major disruptions. To subordinates, such a strategy is viewed as a sincere effort or 'an attempt to resolve problems' effectively and proactively, making (d) the correct choice.