The minimum pass band magnitude of the Butterworth filter is
a.
1 / $√(1$ + $ε²$)
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In the type I Chebyshev filters, the magnitude characteristic is
a.
Monotonic in the pass band
b.
Equiripple in the stop band
c.
Equiripple in the pass band
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d.
Squared in the stop band
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The continuous time signal x(t) $=$ $sin(50π$ t), then fundamental period is
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An important feature of linear modulation schemes is that the
a.
Carrier merely translates the message signal
Correct Answer
b.
Carrier completely different from message signal
c.
Carrier merely receives the message signal
d.
No change in the carrier signal
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The digital tone detection can easily be performed by computing ________ of the DTMF signal
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Write an ALP, such that the final contents of the accumulator are FF, without using any immediate
addressing mode instruction
d.
XRA A; DCR A
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The number of counters and the number of bits in each counter in 8253 programmable timer are
a.
3 and 16 bit counters
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Basic steps of execution of an instruction is
a.
fetch, execute, decode
b.
decode, fetch, execute
c.
execute, fetch, decode
d.
fetch, decode, execute
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The instruction set of 8085 can be divided into ________ functional groups
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The 8257 enables a designer to interface maximum of ________ I/O / DMA channels/devices
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A Translay scheme is similar to ________ balance system
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In a 220 kV system, inductance and capacitance up to circuit breaker are 25 mH and 0.025 µF. Resistance
across breaker contacts to give no transient oscillations is
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Salient pole alternator without dampers: 20 MVA, 13.8 kV, Xd'' $=$ j 0.25 pu, X2 $=$ j 0.35 pu, X0 $=$ j 0.1 pu.
Determine symmetrical components for LG and LL faults:
a.
LG: 0, -j 1.43, +j 1.43; LL: 0, -j 1.667, +j 1.667
b.
LG: 0, 0, +j 1.43; LL: 0, +j 1.667, 0
c.
LG: -j 1.43, -j 1.43, -j 1.43; LL: 0, -j 1.667, +j 1.667
d.
LG: -j 1.43, 0, +j 1.43; LL: 0, -j 1.667, +j 1.667
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The three phase SC MVA to be interrupted by a circuit breaker in a power system is given by
a.
$√3$ $×$ post fault line voltage in kV $×$ SC current in kA
b.
3 $×$ pre fault line voltage in kV $×$ SC current in kA
c.
$√3$ $×$ pre fault line voltage in kV $×$ SC current in kA
d.
$(1/√3$) $×$ pre fault line voltage in kV $×$ SC current in kA
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In Gauss-Seidel method of power flow problem, number of iterations may be reduced if voltage correction
at each bus is multiplied by
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If a combination of HRC fuse and circuit breaker is used, the C.B. operates for
a.
Low over load currents
b.
Short circuit currents
c.
Under all abnormal currents
d.
The combination is never used in practice
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________ is the phenomenon of current interruption before the natural current zero is reached
b.
Capacitive Current breaking
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The maximum power that can be transmitted without loss of stability is
a.
$P_{max}$ $=$ (|E||V| / X) sin δ
b.
$P_{max}$ $=$ (|E||V| / X) cos δ
c.
$P_{max}$ $=$ (|E||V| / X)
d.
$P_{max}$ $=$ (|E||V| / X) sin 30°
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In bus bar protection, providing an earthed metal barrier surrounding a bus bar throughout its entire
length is called
b.
Time graded over current protection
d.
Differential protection
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In a system of 132 kV, line to ground capacitance is 0.01 µF and inductance is 5H. Determine resistance
across contacts to eliminate restriking voltage.
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In load flow studies, the load bus is denoted as
a.
A voltage dependent impedance at bus
b.
Constant voltage and real power
c.
Constant real and reactive powers
d.
Constant voltage and reactive power
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In a differential relay, the restraining coil current is
a.
The current in the operating coil
b.
The current flowing into the protected zone
c.
Average / sum of current entering and leaving protected zone
d.
The current in the primary winding of CT
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Identify an over current relay with directional restraint from the following
d.
Directional Over current relay
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Identify the option that does not contribute to the improvement of steady state stability
a.
Increasing the system voltage
b.
Decreasing the generator inertia
c.
Reducing the transfer reactance
d.
Using a series capacitor in transmission lines
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The type of circuit breaker commonly used for high voltage and high power applications is
a.
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
b.
Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)
c.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)
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High frequency vibrations in overhead transmission lines are greatly diminished by
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Economisers are used to heat
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Surge impedance of 50 miles cable is 50 ohms. For 100 miles length of same cable, surge impedance will
be
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Which FACTS compensator would not provide series compensation?
a.
Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
b.
Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC)
c.
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
d.
Static Compensator (STATCOM)
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The load factors of nuclear power plants range from
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Plant of 1 MW capacity uses gas with calorific value 4000 $kJ/m³$. If overall efficiency is 40%, volume of gas
required per hour at full load is
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A 3-phase line has R $=$ 0.2 Ω/km, L $=$ 1.3 mH/km, C $=$ 0.01 µF/km. Receiving voltage is 132 kV. If open at
receiving end, incident voltage to neutral would be
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A cable has inductance of 0.22 mH/km and capacitance of 0.202 µF/km. Surge impedance of cable is
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Which of the following methods help in reducing the corona effect?
a.
Increasing conductor size
b.
Increasing conductor spacing
c.
Decreasing conductor size
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Pumped storage plants are mostly used as
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A Transmission line has cross-sectional area 2 $cm²$. Calculate tension with safety factor 4 if breaking
stress is 4000 $kg/cm²$.
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Per unit impedance is X p.u. If base voltage is tripled and base MVA is doubled, new per unit impedance is
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Shunt compensation in an EHV line is used to improve
a.
Stability and fault level
c.
Voltage profile and stability
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3-phase line horizontal spacing 'd'. If rearranged to equilateral triangle with side 'd', then
a.
Capacitance and inductance will increase
b.
Capacitance increases and inductance decreases
c.
Capacitance and inductance remains same
d.
Capacitance decreases, inductance increases
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A stringing chart is useful for
a.
Finding the sag in the conductor
c.
Designing of Insulator ring
d.
Finding distance between towers
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Determine average power delivered for v $=$ 100 sin(ωt + 40°) and i $=$ 20 sin(ωt + 70°)
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If a load is purely resistive and the true power is 5 W, what is the apparent power?
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A 5 µF capacitor with initial voltage 4V is connected to parallel combination of 3 kΩ and 6 kΩ. Expression
for current in 6 kΩ resistor after switch closed at $t=0$:
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In a star-connected three-phase system, relation between line and phase values are
a.
$V_{L}$ $=$ V, $I_{L}$ $=$ $√3$ I
b.
$V_{L}$ $=$ $√3$ V, $I_{L}$ $=$ I
c.
$V_{L}$ $=$ $V/√3$, $I_{L}$ $=$ I
d.
$V_{L}$ $=$ V, $I_{L}$ $=$ $I/√3$
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A series R-L-C circuit has R $=$ 5 Ω, L $=$ 400 µH, C $=$ 4 µF, fed from 400∠0° V supply. Voltage across
capacitor at resonance is
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Identify the unit step response of series RL circuit with source Vs:
a.
v $=$ $e^{-Rt/L}$ u(t); i $=$ (1/R)(1 - $e^{-Rt/L}$) u(t)
b.
v $=$ (1 - $e^{-Rt/L}$) u(t); i $=$ $(1/R)(e^{-Rt/L}$) u(t)
c.
v $=$ $e^{-Lt/R}$ u(t); i $=$ (1/R)(1 - $e^{-Lt/R}$) u(t)
d.
v $=$ $-e^{-Rt/L}$ u(t); i $=$ (1/R)(1 + $e^{-Rt/L}$) u(t)
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The y-parameters of a 2-port network are given by [y] $=$ [[4, -4], [4, -3]].
a.
The network is symmetrical and reciprocal
b.
The network is non-symmetrical and reciprocal
c.
The network is symmetrical and non-reciprocal
d.
The network is non-symmetrical and non-reciprocal
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A 230/2300 V, Star/Delta, 3-phase transformer rated at 230 kVA. Rated secondary Current/Phase is
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In a parallel RLC circuit, behavior of total current under resonance condition will be
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Total instantaneous power supplied by three phase AC supply to a balanced R-L load is
c.
Pulsating with zero average
d.
Three times of real power
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In series RLC circuit, condition for critically damped response is
c.
R / (2L) $=$ (1 / $LC)²$
d.
(R / $2L)²$ $=$ 1 / (LC)
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Calculate real power consumed if total power is 400 VA with 0.5 power factor:
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The Thevenin equivalent of a network is a ________ with an independent voltage source.
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The ratio of maximum value to the effective value of an alternating quantity is called
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Total current of 10 A flows into parallel combination of 2 Ω, 4 Ω, 10 Ω and 20 Ω. Currents in each resistor
are:
a.
5.5 A, 2.8 A, 1.1 A, 0.55 A
b.
2.8 A, 1.1 A, 0.55 A, 5.5 A
c.
1.1 A, 0.55 A, 5.5 A, 2.8 A
d.
0.55 A, 5.5 A, 2.8 A, 1.1 A
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Super node is considered in nodal analysis, when there is a ________ between two nodes.
a.
Dependent current source
c.
Independent current source
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Find resistance connected at A-B for maximum power transfer: 100V source with 4Ω in series, parallel
branch of 8Ω, return path 4Ω, output series 1Ω.
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5 Ω and 10 Ω resistors connected in series across 50 V D.C. source. Find voltage across 10 Ω resistor.
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Voltage divider: 100V across series 1 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 4 kΩ. Find voltage across A and B (across 5 kΩ + 4 kΩ):
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Application of Norton's theorem will simplify an electric circuit into
a.
A voltage source and a resistance in parallel
b.
A voltage source and a resistance in series
c.
A current source and a resistance in parallel
d.
A current source and a resistance in series
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Nodal analysis can be applied for
c.
Both planar and non-planar networks
d.
Neither planar nor non-planar networks
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Find equivalent Thevenin impedance across a and b in bridge with 21Ω, 12Ω, 50Ω, 30Ω:
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Identify the resistor across which most voltage drop appears in series string:
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In an electric circuit when elements are connected in ________, current will be same.
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Current $I_{SC}$ through short circuit across parallel branches of 4Ω, 2Ω, 5Ω with 24V source and (3+1)Ω line
resistance:
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Maxwell's first equation is described as
a.
Differential form of Gauss's law
b.
Integral form of Gauss's law
c.
Differential form of Coulomb's law
d.
Integral form of Coulomb's law
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The unit of magnetic flux density is
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Inductor opposes the change in
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The equivalent self-inductance of two coils connected in series without mutual coupling is
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Magnetic flux is given by $φ$ $=$ $6t²$ + 3t + 2 Wb. Induced emf at t $=$ 3 sec is
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The relation between magnetization M and magnetic field intensity H is
d.
M $=$ $μ_0(1$ + χ_m) H
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The magnetomotive force around a closed path is equal to
b.
Conduction and displacement current
d.
Magnetic field intensity
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Two coils (N1 $=$ 600, N2 $=$ 30) on iron ring (r $=$ 0.1 m, d $=$ 0.04 m, $μr$ $=$ 800). Find mutual inductance:
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Solenoid with $2×2$ cm cross section has iron core $(μr$ $=$ 1000) and 4000 turns/meter. Self inductance per
meter is
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The Lorentz force equation is
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Electric field strength of a charge with reference to distance r:
c.
Decrease with square of distance
d.
Increase with square of distance
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Calculate capacitance of parallel-plate capacitor: $εr$ $=$ 6, A $=$ 6.45 $mm²$, d $=$ 25.4 mm:
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The energy stored in the capacitor is
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The work done in moving a positive charge on an equipotential surface is
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The potential at point P(-4, 5, 6) in field V $=$ $2x²z$ - 6y is
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In Gauss's law, if D is tangential to the surface, D·dS is
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If D $=$ -48.2xy ax + $16.24x²$ ay + 24.6 az $pC/m²$, volume charge density ρv is
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Boundary condition for conductor in free space in electrostatics states that
a.
Static electric field inside conductor is infinite
b.
Static electric field outside conductor is zero
c.
Static electric field is zero everywhere
d.
Static electric field intensity inside a conductor is zero
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For any electrostatic field to be conservative, it must satisfy
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Two capacitors C1 $=$ 1 µF and C2 $=$ 2 µF connected in parallel across 100 V dc supply. Charges are
a.
Q1 $=$ 100 µC and Q2 $=$ 200 µC
b.
Q1 $=$ 200 µC and Q2 $=$ 100 µC
c.
Q1 $=$ 100 µC and Q2 $=$ 50 µC
d.
Q1 $=$ 50 µC and Q2 $=$ 100 µC
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Nyquist Plot and Bode Plot given in figures. Determine system types:
a.
Both Systems are type 0
b.
Both Systems are type 1
c.
System I is type 0 and System II is type 1
d.
System II is type 0 and System I is type 1
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In properties of Jordan canonical form, determine the false one:
a.
Elements of main diagonal are Eigen values
b.
All elements below main diagonal are zero
c.
Number of Jordan blocks $=$ Number of independent Eigen vectors
d.
There is more than one linearly independent Eigen vector associated with each Jordan block
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Solution of non-homogeneous state equation x' $=$ [[0, 1], [0, -2]]x + [0; 1]u with x(0) $=$ [1; 0]:
b.
[(3/4 + 1/2 t + 1/4 $e^{-2t}$); 1/2 (1 - $e^{-2t})]$
c.
[(-1/4 + 1/2 t + 1/4 $e^{-2t}$); 1/2 (1 - $e^{-2t})]$
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Plant A $=$ [[0, 1], [-2, -3]]. Determine B and C matrices for which it is both controllable and observable:
a.
B $=$ [-2; -2]; C $=$ [-2, -2]
b.
B $=$ [-2; 2]; C $=$ [-2, 0]
c.
B $=$ [-2; -2]; C $=$ [-2, 0]
d.
B $=$ [-2; 2]; C $=$ [-2, -1]
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Transfer function G(s) $=$ C(sI - A)⁻¹ B has pole-zero cancellation. The system is
a.
Uncontrollable and Unobservable
b.
Observable and Uncontrollable
c.
Controllable and Unobservable
d.
May be either (A) or (B) or (C)
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Number of root locus branches terminating on infinity for G(s) $=$ K(s + $α$) / $[s(s²$ + 4s + 12)] is
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The proportional-integral (PI) controller has the effects of
a.
Decreased type of system, reduced steady state error
b.
Increased type of the system, reduced steady state error
c.
Reduced type, increased steady state error
d.
Increased type and steady state error
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Op-amp differentiator with C $=$ 2 mF, R $=$ 10 kΩ, and input 1V DC. Determine output voltage e0:
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Loop transfer function G(s)H(s) $=$ K(s + $10)²$ (s + 100) / [s(s + 25)]. Number of loci terminating at infinity is
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Range of damping ratio desirable from relative stability and speed of response considerations is
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Characteristic equation $s³$ + $14s²$ + 56s + K $=$ 0 will be stable only at
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Transfer function 10 / (1 + s) has steady state error to unit step input as
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How many combinations of two non-touching loops exist in the given signal flow graph?
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If unit step response of a system is unit impulse function, the transfer function is
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If there is a constant error in the output signals, derivative control will
b.
reduce error but not to zero
c.
have no effect on the error
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Large quantities of electrical energy can be stored using
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Wind speed 10 m/s and air density 1.226 $kg/m³$, maximum power density is
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The reverse reaction of electrolysis of water is called
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Assertion [A]: Wind turbines using lift produce more energy than drag.
Reason [R]: Lift produces more torque.
b.
Both true and [R] is correct explanation
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Basic combination of gases used in a fuel cell are
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Actual efficiency of a wind mill is around
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Assertion [A]: Smart grids are necessary for existing grids.
Reason [R]: To accept power injections from distributed renewable sources.
b.
Both true and [R] is correct explanation
d.
Both true, but [R] not explanation
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Which concept is commonly used in demand-side management of power system with EVs?
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Among the following acids, which is used as electrolyte in Fuel cell?
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Batteries used in hybrid, plug-in and electric vehicles are
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Wind turbine generator works on the principle of
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Integration issues of wind unit with the grid include
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Process by which a pyrheliometer measures solar radiation:
a.
Sunlight -> window -> thermopile -> heat converted to electrical signal -> recorded
b.
Sunlight -> window -> heat converted -> thermopile -> recorded
c.
Window -> sunlight -> thermopile -> recorded
d.
Sunlight -> electrical signal -> thermopile
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As the temperature of a solar cell decreases, how do current and voltage change?
a.
Current decreases slightly and voltage increases
b.
Current increases and voltage increases
c.
Current decreases and voltage decreases
d.
Current increases and voltage decreases
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In solar PV system INC MPPT flow chart, missing blocks under decision criteria correspond to:
a.
Decrease $I_{ref}$, increase $I_{ref}$...
b.
Decrease $V_{ref}$, increase $V_{ref}$, Decrease $V_{ref}$, Increase $V_{ref}$
c.
Increase $V_{ref}$, Decrease $V_{ref}$...
d.
Decrease $V_{ref}$, Decrease $I_{ref}$...
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Assertion [A]: MPPT device extracts maximum power from solar PV throughout day.
Reason [R]: Matches impedance of module with load/battery.
b.
Both true and [R] is correct explanation
d.
Both true, but [R] not explanation
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Ministry for development of renewable energy technologies in India is
a.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
b.
Ministry of Nominal and renewable sources
c.
Ministry of Conventional and non conventional energy
d.
Ministry of Numerical and renewable energy
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Solar energy received per square meter in India varies in the range ________ per day.
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Which type of solar cell provides the highest efficiency?
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Earth reflects back nearly ________ of total solar radiant energy by reflection and scattering (Albedo).
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Global warming would lead to
a.
Increase of agriculture production
c.
Change of climate pattern and its severity
d.
Increase the efficiency of heat engines
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________ made the first measurement of spectral distribution from the sun.
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Which law states total energy radiated per unit surface area per unit time is proportional to fourth power
of temperature?
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The diffuse radiation scattered by atmospheric particles
a.
Has no unique direction
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Photovoltaic cells have been made up of
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Which is true with respect to PROM?
a.
AND array is fixed and OR array is programmable
b.
Both AND and OR array are programmable
c.
AND array is programmable and OR array is fixed
d.
Both AND and OR array are fixed
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CMOS circuits are extensively used for on-chip computers mainly because of their
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The toggle mode for a J-K flip flop is
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A counter has 14 stable states (MOD-14). If input frequency is 50 kHz, what is output frequency?
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Resolution of 4-bit ADC is 0.5 V. For analog input of 6.6 V, digital output is
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One-shot multivibrator is also known as ________ multivibrator.
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Which among the following decimal codes is a non-weighted code?
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For which flip-flop is the output clearly defined for all combinations of two inputs?
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The range of output resistance of a common base transistor configuration is
d.
Very high (More than 100 kΩ / 500 kΩ)
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Circuit: VCC $=$ 20V, RC $=$ 1 kΩ, VCE $=$ 1V. Calculate collector current IC:
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A tunnel diode oscillator is an example of
c.
Tuned circuit oscillators
d.
Negative resistance oscillators
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The mobility of an electron in a conductor is expressed in terms of
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Transistor current gain $β$ $=$ 175. If base current is 0.1 mA, collector current is
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Superior characteristic of Direct Coupled two-stage amplifier using similar transistors is its
b.
Avoidance of frequency sensitive components
d.
Ability to amplify direct current and low-frequency signals
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In the BJT transistor, the emitter is
a.
Lightly/Moderately doped
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Modem is an acronym of
c.
Modulation and Demodulation
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The power requirement of an LED is approximately
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The RF spectrum analysis covers a frequency range of
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Meter internal resistance 100Ω, 1 mA FSD, converted to 10V AC half-wave (rectifier R $=$ 2250Ω).
Sensitivity on AC range is
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Distortion is defined as
c.
Change in shape of the waveform
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Current in the RF range is measured by
b.
Ammeter using thermocouples
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A 5-bit converter is used for DC range 0-10 V. Find weight / voltage of MSB:
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A linear displacement shaft encoder transducer normally uses
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A seven-segment LCD display requires a power of approximately
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A multimeter consists of the following components:
a.
Ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter
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Wheatstone bridge has ratio arms of 1000 Ω each, balanced with standard arm 2154 Ω. Unknown
resistance is
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The power in a 3-phase four-wire circuit can be measured by using
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If secondary winding of a current transformer is kept open while primary carries current:
b.
High voltage will be induced
c.
Low voltage will be induced
d.
High voltage due to higher value of flux density causing insulation breakdown
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Material of wires used for making standard resistance coils is usually
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A PMMC instrument uses a
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Improper setting of range of a multimeter leads to an error called
d.
Gross / Observational error
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Maxwell's inductance capacitance bridge is used for measurement of inductance of
b.
Medium Q coils (1 < Q < 10)
d.
Low and medium Q coils
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________ has property of high permeability, low loss and small retentivity, hence used in CT cores.
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Frequency can be measured by using
d.
Heaviside Campbell bridge
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Swamping resistor is used in a PMMC instrument to
c.
Compensate for temperature coefficients
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Working principle of 3-phase induction motor is similar to
b.
Three phase synchronous reluctance motor
c.
Three phase shaded pole motor
d.
Transformer with secondary shorted
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The step angle of a three-phase stepper motor with four rotor teeth is
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The load taken up by synchronous machines directly depends upon its
c.
Driving torque / Power angle
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Slip ring induction motor runs at 970 rpm on full load at 50 Hz. If Ns $=$ 1000 rpm, number of poles and %
slip are:
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Which statement is not true regarding synchronous motors?
a.
Requires DC excitation at the Rotor
b.
Remains constant speed from No load to full load
c.
Can operate from lagging to leading power factor
d.
Speed decreases with load
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In SCIM, starting torque with autotransformer starter is ________ times the torque with direct switching
(k $=$ tapping ratio).
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In double squirrel cage induction motor, outer cage has ________ resistance, inner cage has ________
resistance.
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If rated voltage is reduced to half, starting torque of SCIM will be ________ of full voltage starting torque.
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Permanent magnets used in BLDC motors include:
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Condition which need not be met by alternators for parallel operation is:
a.
Terminal voltage must be same
b.
Must have same phase sequence
c.
Must have equal power ratings
d.
Must operate at same frequency
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Blocked rotor test on a 3-phase induction motor is not suitable to find:
a.
Short circuit current with normal voltage
b.
Short-circuit power factor
d.
Motor equivalent resistance
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In synchronous machine at lagging pf, terminal voltage drops from E0 to V because of
d.
Drop due to armature resistance and leakage reactance + demagnetizing armature reaction
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The torque of an induction motor is proportional to
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Open circuit test on a transformer is conducted to determine
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DC compound generator having full load terminal voltage equal to no-load voltage is called
c.
Flat / Level compounded
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If secondary turns are doubled and primary voltage is halved, secondary voltage will
d.
be reduced to a quarter
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Core flux of a practical transformer with resistive load:
a.
Decreases with increased load
b.
Increases linearly with load
c.
Increases as square root
d.
Is practically constant with load changes
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Induced emf at 500 rpm is 120V. Induced emf at 800 rpm with same flux is
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Current drawn by 220V DC motor having Ra $=$ 0.5 Ω and Eb $=$ 200V is
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Wave winding is suitable for ________ current and ________ voltage DC generators.
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An ideal transformer is one which has
a.
No losses and magnetic leakage
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Transformer 500 kVA has max efficiency 96% at 78% full load, 0.85 pf. Copper losses at full load:
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Most feasible 3-phase transformer connection to allow third harmonic current flow to maintain sinusoidal
voltage:
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DC series motor R $=$ 2 Ω runs at 800 rpm on 220V drawing 10A. Induced emf after connecting 5 Ω series
resistance (same 10A current) is
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In transformer, humming noise in audible bandwidth is mainly due to
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Regenerative braking waveforms by chopper control: identify energy storage period and duty period:
a.
$t_{on}$ ≤ t ≤ T | 0 ≤ t ≤ $t_{on}$
b.
0 ≤ t ≤ $t_{on}$ | $t_{on}$ ≤ t ≤ T
c.
0 ≤ t ≤ T | $t_{off}$ ≤ t ≤ T
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Which statements are correct?
(1) In Off-line UPS, there is no momentary interruption
(2) In On-line UPS, there is no momentary interruption
(3) Rating of batteries is expressed in watt-hour
(4) Ni-Cd batteries are better than lead-acid in UPS
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For constant torque load, increasing rotor resistance of induction motor will
d.
increase stator current
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Constant margin angle control of synchronous motor requires margin angle $γ$ to satisfy:
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DC chopper has Ton $=$ 1.5 ms, T $=$ 3 ms, Vs $=$ 200 V. Average and RMS output voltage are:
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________ are only suitable for one-quadrant operation.
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Separately excited DC motor: 220V, TL $=$ 30 Nm at 1000 rpm, Ra $=$ 1 Ω, La $=$ 20 mH, Km $=$ 1.5 V-s/rad.
Value of armature current is
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IGCT features:
(1) Three layer device
(2) Four terminal device
(3) Voltage controlled
(4) Current controlled
(5) Hard turn on
(6) Hard turn off
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In single-pulse PWM, to eliminate 3rd harmonic, required pulse width 2d and RMS fundamental voltage
are:
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Switching-off of devices with the help of their gate or base currents is called
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SCRs and diodes are assumed ideal switches when:
(i) No voltage drop
(ii) No reverse current
(iii) $t_{on}$ $=$ $t_{off}$ $=$ 0
(iv) Holding current is zero
d.
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
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Which type of commutation is essential for PWM inverter employing thyristors as switches?
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Average output voltage of full-wave diode rectifier with center-tapped transformer is
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In thyristor switching characteristics, delay time can be decreased by applying ________ gate current
and ________ forward voltage.
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Single-phase full bridge inverter can operate in load commutation mode if load consists of
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