The primary purpose of templates in C++ is
a.
To enable dynamic polymorphism at run time
b.
To allow code reuse for different data types
Correct Answer
c.
To define abstract classes
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________ header file provides simultaneous input and output operations.
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How many types of exceptions are available in C++?
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Which container in C++ STL does not allow duplicate elements?
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Which operator is used to allocate memory dynamically at run time?
d.
Malloc / new
Correct Answer
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Which of the following permits function overloading on C++?
c.
Type and number of arguments
Correct Answer
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Which of the following string function removes characters as specified?
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What is the default storage class of any type of variable in C++?
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Which of the following is not a storage class specifier in C++?
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With objects we can access the public members of a class using a
a.
Dot operator
Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not suitable for overloading all the C++ operators?
b.
Operating using friends
d.
Scope resolution operator (::)
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What happens when a file is opened using "a+" mode?
a.
Writing is done from the beginning of the file
b.
File content is deleted before writing
c.
Reading is allowed; writing always occurs at the end
d.
File is opened only for reading
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The purpose of #define directive in "C programming" is
a.
To include a header file
b.
To define a constant or a macro
d.
To allocate memory dynamically
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What will be the output of this code?
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 100
int main () {
#ifdef MAX
printf ("MAX is defined\n");
#else
printf ("MAX is not defined\n");
#endif
return 0;
}
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Which of the following statements correctly increments a pointer to point to the next elements in an
array?
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Pointers in 'C' programming is
a.
A keyword used to declare variables
b.
A variable that stores memory address of another variable
c.
A user defined function
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The size of a union is determined by the size of the
a.
Lowest member in the union
b.
Biggest member in the union
c.
First member in the union
d.
Last member in the union
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Definition of function in 'C' programming should contain
a.
Function name, return type and parameters (if any)
b.
Only the function name and body
c.
Only the return type and parameters
d.
Only the function name and parameters
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How is a union different from a structure in 'C' programming?
a.
Structure stores one value at a time; union stores all
b.
Both store all members at once
c.
Union stores only one member value at a time; structure stores all
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When the compiler assigns a character string to a character array, it automatically supplies a ________ at
the end of the string
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The syntax for an infinite for loop is
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Choose the correct datatype to store the value 'A' in 'C' programming
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What is the size of a char datatype in 'C' programming?
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The ________ is a sequenced collection of related data items that share a common name.
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An array is also known as
d.
Similar Quantities variable
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Which component is responsible for coordinating the activities of the system and executing instructions
in a computer?
b.
Arithmetic and Logic unit
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________ is the process of electronically extracting data from marked fields.
b.
Optical character Recognition
c.
Optical mark Recognition
d.
Magnetic Ink character Reader
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The first alphabet of LAN, WAN and MAN in computer networks stands for
a.
Local, Wireless and Metropolitan
b.
Local, World and Middle
c.
Local, Wide and Metropolitan
d.
Local, Wireless and Maximum
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Which of the following software is more suitable for word processing?
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________ is the abbreviation of "QAT" in Microsoft word.
d.
Quality Assurance Testing
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Which of the following are arithmetic operators in python?
(i) / (ii) // (iii) % (iv) $!=$
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How to pass a variable length arguments to a function in python?
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Tuples are used to format
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________ operation returns true if all elements of the list are true.
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________ specifies a variable length argument in python.
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Identify the right representation of writing "python programming" to file.
a.
write (file, "python programming")
b.
file.write ("python programming")
c.
write ("python programming", file)
d.
write.file ("python programming", file)
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Identify which one of the statement is valid in Python programming:
(a) Reassigning variables as many times as required is allowed
(b) Python variables do not have specific datatypes
(c) Identifiers are not case sensitive
(d) $ is allowed in naming the Python variable
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Python is a purely
a.
Script Oriented Language
b.
Structural Oriented Language
c.
Procedure Oriented Language
d.
Object Oriented Language
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If number of arguments in function definition and function call does not match, then which type of error is
returned?
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What happens if a file opened in 'w' mode does not exist?
b.
Error will be generated
c.
File contents are deleted
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If the time between arrivals is exponential with mean $1/λ$, then the number of arrivals during a specific
period t is:
a.
Exponential with parameter $λ$
b.
Exponential with parameter $λt$
c.
Poisson with mean $1/(λt$)
d.
Poisson with mean $λt$
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State of a Markov Chain is said to be persistent if
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The marginal probability density function of X from a joint density $f_{X,Y}(x,y$) is obtained by
a.
Integrating $f_{X,Y}(x,y$) with respect to y
b.
Differentiating $f_{X,Y}(x,y$) with respect to y
c.
Integrating $f_{X,Y}(x,y$) with respect to x
d.
Multiplying $f_{X,Y}(x,y$) by y
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The MGF of geometric distribution with parameter P is:
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If X1 and X2 are two independent random variables from Binomial (3, 1/3), MGF of X1 + X2 is:
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What is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)?
a.
A computational model inspired by the human brain
b.
A machine learning algorithm used for image processing
c.
A statistical analysis technique for data clustering
d.
A programming language for Neural Network implementation
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What is the purpose of the back propagation algorithm in ANN training?
a.
To update the weights and biases based on the prediction error
b.
To initialize the weights and biases of the network
c.
To determine the number of hidden layers and neurons
d.
To determine the number of input layers and neurons
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f(x) $=$ 1 / (1 + e⁻ˣ) is the most commonly used activation function in back propagation MLP. Identify the
function name
d.
Hyperbolic tangent function
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Given the Numpy array x2 $=$ np.array([[12, 5, 2, 4], [7, 6, 8, 8], [1, 6, 7, 7]]). What is the output of the slicing
operation x2[:3, ::2]?
a.
[[12, 5], [7, 6], [1, 6]]
b.
[[12, 2], [7, 8], [1, 7]]
c.
[[12, 2, 4], [7, 8, 8], [1, 7, 7]]
d.
[[5, 4], [6, 8], [6, 7]]
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The z-score of a feature (f) with mean $(μ_f$) and standard deviation $(σ_f$) is calculated to standardize the
data. Which formula represents the transformation?
a.
z $=$ (x + $μ_f$) / $σ_f$
b.
z $=$ (x - $μ_f$) / $σ_f$
c.
z $=$ (x - $σ_f$) / $μ_f$
d.
z $=$ $σ_f$ / (x - $μ_f$)
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What does the mean represent in a data set?
c.
Difference between highest and lowest
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Choose from the following step that is not in data wrangling
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Choose from the following which is NOT a type of plot available in seaborn?
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The line that linearly separates and classifies a set of data in SVM
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You want to test the hypothesis that "Gabe's algorithm is better than mine". What is the appropriate null
hypothesis in this context?
a.
Gabe's algorithm is significantly better than mine
b.
Gabe's algorithm is always worse than mine
c.
Gabe's algorithm is no better than mine
d.
Both algorithms are equally bad
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Which attribute selection measure is used in ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm?
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The Elbow method in clustering is used to
a.
Measure the distance between clusters and merge them
b.
Determine the optimal number of clusters (K) by evaluating within cluster homogeneity or heterogeneity
c.
Normalize the dataset before clustering
d.
Assign data points to the nearest cluster center
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Which type of regularization does Ridge Regression use, and how does it apply the penalty?
a.
L1 regularization; adds the absolute value of the coefficient
b.
L2 regularization; adds the square of the magnitude of coefficients
c.
L3 regularization; adds the logarithm of the coefficient
d.
L2 regularization; adds the absolute value of the coefficients
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What is the key principle behind Bayesian Learning Methods?
a.
Choosing the hypothesis that minimizes the error on training data only
b.
Assigning equal probabilities to all hypothesis
c.
Consider the probability of a hypothesis based on prior knowledge and observed data
d.
Ignoring prior probabilities in favor of data-driven learning only
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Which type of intelligent agent has the key feature of condition-action rule?
b.
Model-based reflex agents
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Which language has the facts with degree of truth t ∈ [0, 1]?
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Among the following, which algorithm is known to be a standard algorithm for supervised Learning
a.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
c.
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
d.
Self-Organizing Map (SOM)
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Uniform cost search method is also called as
a.
Breadth - first search algorithm
c.
Backtracking algorithm
d.
Iterative deepening search algorithm
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Name the uninformed search algorithm from the following
c.
Greedy Best First - Search
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The acronym LASSO in regression analysis stands for
a.
Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator
b.
Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator
c.
Least Average Sum of Squares Operator
d.
Linear Adaptive Subset Selection Operator
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When cache size increases, hit ratio?
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Which paging algorithm tends to minimize the number of page faults?
a.
FIFO-First In First Out
b.
LRU-Least Recently Used
d.
MRU-Most Recently Used
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________ quickly maps virtual page numbers onto physical page frame numbers.
a.
Translation lookaside buffer
b.
Address space identifier
d.
Page reference indicator
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Which of the following memory takes less accessing time?
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Match the functionalities of the CPU units:
(a) Input unit 1. Retrieves data from CPU
(b) Output unit 2. Stores data to be processed immediately
(c) Memory unit 3. Directs other units
(d) Control unit 4. Feeds data into CPU
a.
(a)-4, (b)-1, (c)-2, (d)-3
b.
(a)-2, (b)-3, (c)-4, (d)-1
c.
(a)-1, (b)-4, (c)-2, (d)-3
d.
(a)-4, (b)-3, (c)-2, (d)-1
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Arrange the data preprocessing techniques in order:
(i) Data cleaning (ii) Data transformation (iii) Data reduction (iv) Data integration
a.
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
b.
(i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
c.
(i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
d.
(i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
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The data management techniques that are available in mobile database are:
(i) Cache consistency (ii) Data replication (iii) Query processing (iv) Data recovery
a.
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
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Identify a sequence of operations that are needed to store a new word into memory:
(i) Activate the write control input
(ii) Transfer the data bits of the word into memory buffer register
(iii) Transfer the address bits of the word into memory address register.
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Match the following instruction set operations based on its category:
(a) Data transfer 1. Compare
(b) Arithmetic 2. Execute
(c) Logical 3. Exchange
(d) Transfer of control 4. Absolute
a.
(a)-2, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-3
b.
(a)-3, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-2
c.
(a)-4, (b)-1, (c)-2, (d)-3
d.
(a)-4, (b)-3, (c)-2, (d)-1
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The actual mapping to a physical address is a function of the
b.
Memory management unit
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In 2's complement representation, if two numbers with the same sign are added, then ________ occurs if
and only if the result has the opposite sign.
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A parallel computer in which all the CPUs share a common memory is called a
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Match the description of an addressing mode with its name:
(a) Immediate addressing 1. Address field contains effective address
(b) Direct addressing 2. Operand value is in instruction
(c) Indirect addressing 3. Referenced register is PC
(d) Relative addressing 4. Limits address range
a.
(a)-4, (b)-3, (c)-1, (d)-2
b.
(a)-3, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-2
c.
(a)-2, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-3
d.
(a)-3, (b)-4, (c)-2, (d)-1
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Which address machines are referred to as stack machines?
d.
Three address machines
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Which of the following abbreviations are true?
(i) ROM - Read Only Memory
(ii) PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory
(iii) EPROM - Editable Programmable Read Only Memory
b.
(ii) and (iii) are true
c.
(i) and (iii) are true
d.
(i), (ii) and (iii) are true
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Arrange the multiplication operation in the order of first operand, second operand and the final result.
a.
Multiplier, product and multiplicand
b.
Multiplicand, product and multiplier
c.
Multiplier, multiplicand and product
d.
Multiplicand, multiplier and product
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Identify the equivalent expression of boolean function AB̄C + AB̄C̄
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Binary digits are grouped into sets of four bits, called a
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The register contains additional bits, called ________ which are used to pad out the right end of the
significant with 0s.
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The characteristics of a multiplexer are:
(i) Multiple outputs (ii) Multiple inputs (iii) One output (iv) Select lines determine active input
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What is true about a distributed system?
a.
It is a collection of processors
b.
All processors are synchronized
c.
They do not share memory
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Which one is not a necessary condition for deadlock to occur?
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Which one is wrong in fully virtualization?
a.
Unmodified guest OS that works over VMM
c.
Relocation of applications
d.
Provide compute isolation of different applications
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________ is a programming model uses for processing huge amounts of data.
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Choose the property of global state in distributed system
a.
the recorded global state may not be correspond to any of the global state that occurred during the computation
b.
system could not have passed through recorded global state
c.
A recorded global state is not used for detecting stable properties
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Choose the wrong about splitter in MRMW atomic snapshot object X
a.
At most one process is returned stop
b.
At most n-1 processes are returned down
c.
At most n-1 processor are returned right
d.
At most n-1 processors are returned top to left
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The cloud model that combines both private and public cloud features is
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When several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the
execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place, this situation is called
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Which deadlock condition occurs: when a set {P0, P1, ..., Pn} of waiting processes must exist such that P0
waits for P1, P1 waits for P2... and Pn waits for P0?
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Windows 95, 98, NT, Linux used ________ model of threads in the operating system.
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Which one of the following is a visual way to determine the deadlock occurrence?
a.
Resource Allocation graph
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The ________ is the additional time for the disk to rotate the desired sector to the disk head.
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Mirroring refers to
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________ Memory Allocation allocates the largest hole.
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DTrace is best described as
a.
Command Line Interface - Uses text commands to allow entering and editing
b.
Batch Interface - Commands and Directives to control files
c.
Graphical User Interface - Is a window system with a pointing device
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The other name of system programs is
b.
System Services / Utilities
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A ________ manages the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the
computer.
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How many states can be processed in operating system?
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In UNIX, which system call creates the new process?
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Message passing system allow processes to
a.
Communicate with each other without sharing the same address space
b.
Communicate with one another by resorting to shared data
d.
Name the recipient or sender of the message
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Which type of testing is without access to the source code?
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Arrange the following debugging steps in chronological order:
(1) Look for patterns
(2) Form one or more hypotheses
(3) Collect the available information
(4) Implement the appropriate corrections
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Match the following:
(a) Unit Testing 1. Assesses how easy the system is to use
(b) Integration Testing 2. Verifies system meets all requirements
(c) System Testing 3. Checks how components interact
(d) Usability Testing 4. Verifies individual components
a.
(a)-2, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-3
b.
(a)-3, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-2
c.
(a)-4, (b)-3, (c)-2, (d)-1
d.
(a)-1, (b)-2, (c)-3, (d)-4
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In integration testing, the method which integrates all components on a major control path of the
program structure is called as
c.
Depth-first integration
d.
Breadth-first integration
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According to validation testing, a software testing is conducted without the presence of software
developer is termed as
a.
Customer acceptance testing
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In software project development, the experienced project managers use project scheduling and a control
technique while facing severe deadline pressure, that technique is called as
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In project scheduling, a recommended distribution of effort across the software process is often referred
to as the
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COCOMO stands for
a.
Cost Constructive Model
b.
Constructive Cost Model
c.
Code Constructive model
d.
Constructive Code model
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Which of the following is not an activity of a process framework?
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Which software cost estimation technique has the advantage of using it to gain insight into the cost
factors within an organization?
b.
Delphi cost estimation
c.
Work breakdown structure
d.
Constructive cost model
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________ design model defines the relationship between major structural elements and patterns of the
software.
a.
Data/Class Design model
b.
Interface Design model
c.
Architectural Design model
d.
Component Design model
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Software which is divided into separately named and addressable components is generally called as
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"High-level modules should not depend upon low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions.
Abstraction should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions". This statement is stated by
b.
Principle of Information hiding
c.
Separation of concerns design concept
d.
Dependency inversion principle
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In architectural context diagram, the systems that provide data to complete target system functionality is
called as
b.
Super ordinate systems
d.
Actors / Upstream systems
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Match the following:
(a) Open-closed principle 1. Abstractions and concretions
(b) Liskov substitution principle 2. Detector class
(c) Dependency inversion principle 3. Floor plan class
(d) Interface segregation principle 4. Precondition and postcondition
a.
(a)-3, (b)-1, (c)-2, (d)-4
b.
(a)-4, (b)-3, (c)-1, (d)-2
c.
(a)-2, (b)-4, (c)-1, (d)-3
d.
(a)-4, (b)-1, (c)-3, (d)-2
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Status Line, Header field(s), Blank line, Message body — The above formats are of
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________ file is called deployment descriptor in web application development environment
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The main purpose of the model in MVC is
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Which method is used to handle GET requests in a servlet?
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MEAN stack stands for
a.
MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js, Node.js
b.
MongoDB, Entity Bean, Ajax, Node.js
c.
Meta DB, Entity, Angular js, Node.js
d.
MongoDB, Express, Angular, NOSQL
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setMaxAge() method used to ________ in cookies
a.
Set the size of the cookie
b.
Specify the expiry time of the cookie
c.
Get the value of the cookie
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Which of the following statements is false about Networking protocols?
a.
TCP is used for reliable stream-based I/O across network
b.
UDP is a point-to-point datagram oriented protocol
c.
TCP is expensive than UDP
d.
Java does not support both the TCP and UDP protocols
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Which of the following defines several instance methods?
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Which of the following statement is true about GraphicsEnvironment class?
a.
Manages the display of text on a screen
b.
Describes access to a collection of GraphicsDevice and Font objects
c.
Handles drawing lines and shapes
d.
Defines the physical dimensions of a screen or printer
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Which layout manager is used by default in Java Frame?
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Which of the following is the Cookie Interface in java.net package?
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What is the value returned by function compareTo() if the invoking string is less than the string
compared?
a.
Value greater than zero
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The ________ class is a concrete subclass of Container.
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The ________ of CSS background property allows to place background images along the X-axis and Y-
axis of the element.
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Identify the non-breaking space character in HTML.
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PHP stands for
a.
Hypertext Preprocessor
c.
Processor Hypertext Point
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Which method registers a thread in a thread scheduler?
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What will be the result of "abcdef".substring(2)?
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________ is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the Java run-time system.
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The operator used to allocate memory for an object in Java is
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The two types of efficiencies that are important for computer algorithms are
a.
Space efficiency and Time efficiency
b.
Time efficiency and High power efficiency
c.
Higher power efficiency and Computational efficiency
d.
Computational efficiency and space efficiency
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What is the primary goal of Kruskal's algorithm?
a.
To find the shortest path between two vertices
b.
To find the minimum spanning tree for a connected weighted graph
c.
To sort all edges of a graph in descending order
d.
To traverse a graph using a depth-first search
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Which of the following algorithms are used to find the shortest path from a source node to all nodes in a
weighted graph?
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Halting problem of a class P problem is a
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Choose a set of maximization problems among the following:
(i) Knapsack problem
(ii) Graph coloring problem
(iii) Profit based job assignment problem
(iv) Traveling salesman problem
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A spanning tree contains a connected ________ subgraph.
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The number of edges incident on a vertex in a Graph is called as
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Which property of a binary tree states whether the key in each node is greater than or equal to the keys
in its children?
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From which of the given tree data structures is not a balanced binary tree?
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All the child nodes of a parent node are referred as
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Which of the following does not have an complexity of $O(n²)?$
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With which of the following algorithm is Pivot element associated
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________ is the sequence of nodes from source node till destination node of a tree.
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Name the graph which is said to be strongly connected if for every pair of distinct vertices $v_{i}$, $v_{j}$ in V(G)
there is a directed path from $v_{i}$ to $v_{j}$ and $v_{j}$ to $v_{i}$
c.
Acyclic undirected graph
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A multi-dimensional array A[3][7] possesses ________ number of elements.
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In a ________ linked list, the first and last nodes are connected with each other through the NEXT
pointer.
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Which of the following situations will occur if a pop operation is performed on an empty stack?
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Before deletion operation from the queue, ________ condition should be checked.
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Choose not true about Single Linked List
a.
Dynamic memory allocation
b.
Static memory allocation
c.
Each node have atleast one link field
d.
Determines node is free
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Find which node X to be deleted using procedure: Procedure DDelete (X, L) ... RLink(LLink(X)) $=$
RLink(X); LLink(RLink(X)) $=$ LLink(X);
a.
X should be first node to be deleted
b.
X should be last node to be deleted
c.
X is any node in the list
d.
X is not a node in the list
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Identify the example of a distributed system.
a.
A single-user application running on a laptop
c.
A local file system on a computer
d.
A standalone video game
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How does static hashing handle situations where two keys hash to the same bucket?
a.
It deletes one of the keys
b.
It creates a new hash table
c.
It uses collision resolution methods like chaining
d.
It stores both keys in a special overflow file
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Find the file organization that stores related records of two or more relations in each block.
a.
Heap file organization
b.
Sequential file organization
c.
Multitable clustering file organization
d.
Hashing file organization
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In a star schema, the central table is called as
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Among the following find the typical example of a spatial query.
a.
Retrieve all customer records with a balance greater than Rs. 100
b.
Retrieve all employees hired after January 1st, 2020
c.
List of all products that are out of stock
d.
Find all hotels located within a 10-mile radius of a given point
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Find the primary feature of web database.
a.
Ability to store large binary files
b.
Access via web browsers using HTTP/HTTPS protocols
c.
Limited to local network access
d.
Requires dedicated hardware for each user
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Apriori is used on which fundamental principle?
c.
Downward closure property
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"________ which is violated when a relation has undesirable multivalued dependencies and hence can
be used to identify and decompose such relations"?
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The advantage of combining related tables in denormalization is
a.
It increases storage requirements
b.
It improves query performance by reducing the number of joins
c.
It ensures better data consistency
d.
It simplifies data updates and inserts
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The possible methods to prevent deadlocks in distributed systems are:
(i) Wait for graph detection
(ii) Timeout - based deadlock detection
(iii) Resource allocation graph
(iv) Distributed lock management
c.
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
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Which is an indirect functional dependency, where X → Z only by virtue of X → Y and Y → Z?
b.
Trivial functional dependency
c.
Transitive dependencies
d.
Multivalued dependencies
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If a functional dependency A → B holds, which of the following is true?
a.
A and B are the same attributes
b.
A can be determined from B
c.
A must be the primary key
d.
If two tuples have the same value for A, they must have the same value for B
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"A relation schema R is in ________ if it satisfies 2 NF and no nonprime attribute of R is transitively
dependent on the primary key".
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The ACID properties are
a.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
b.
Advance, Correspondence, Identity, Deadlock
c.
Alternate, Corresponding, Isolation, Duration
d.
Atomic, Character, Integer, Data
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"A child may have many parent nodes". Which type of data model is described?
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________ interact with the system without writing programs?
d.
Sophisticated end users
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________ symbol is used to represent the "projection" operation in Relational algebra?
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Consider the following statements about normalization and BCNF:
Statement 1: If a relation is in BCNF, it is also in 3NF.
Statement 2: A relation in BCNF can have partial dependencies.
a.
Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
b.
Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
c.
Both Statements are true.
d.
Both Statements are false.
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An ________ represents a real world concept or object, such as an employee or a project from the
miniworld that is described in the database.
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What are the basic concepts of E-R model?
a.
Data, Database, Database Management System
b.
Entity, Attribute, Relationship
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A ________ of a finite set of elements S is an ordered sequence of all the elements of S, with each
element appearing exactly once.
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________ is an example for active attack in Network security.
b.
Release of message contents
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Hashed message is signed by a sender using his
c.
Receiver's private key
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The ________ is the central node of 802.11 wireless operations.
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What is the purpose of a Digital signature?
a.
To encrypt data for confidentiality
b.
To implement public-key encryption
c.
To hide the sender's identity
d.
To verify authenticity and integrity of a message
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In IP security, each SPD entry is defined by a set of IP and upper-layer protocol field values called
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In Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA), data are encrypted in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key to produce
________ length output.
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Match the following technologies:
(a) HTML 1. To let programs exchange application data with server
(b) DOM 2. To change parts of pages while viewed
(c) XML 3. To bind all functionality together
(d) Javascript 4. To present information as pages
a.
(a)-3, (b)-2, (c)-4, (d)-1
b.
(a)-4, (b)-1, (c)-3, (d)-2
c.
(a)-1, (b)-4, (c)-3, (d)-2
d.
(a)-4, (b)-2, (c)-1, (d)-3
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SOAP stands for
a.
Simple Object Access Protocol
b.
Secure Object Access Protocol
c.
Simple Open Access Protocol
d.
Simple Object Attribute Protocol
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Which modulation scheme is used by Bluetooth?
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Identify the correct matching between the given OSI layers and their functionalities:
(a) Network Layer 1. Packet routing
(b) Transport Layer 2. Framing and error control
(c) Data Link Layer 3. Host-to-Host communication
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The ________ uses the idea to spread the spectrum using orthogonal codes.
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The ________ is mainly used to simplify the installation and maintenance of networked computers.
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Which of the following is not error-correcting codes?
b.
Binary convolutional codes
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ARP stands for
a.
Address Routing Protocol
b.
Address Routing Packet
c.
Address Routing Program
d.
Address Resolution Protocol
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A subset of a network that includes all the routes but contains no loops is called
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At the CRC generator, ________ added to the data unit before the division process.
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The Checksum field in TCP header is
a.
Two's complement of sum of header in 16 bits
b.
One's complement of sum of header and data in bytes
c.
One's complement of sum of header, data and pseudo header in 16 bit words
d.
Two's complement of sum of header and data in bytes
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The message 11001001 is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial $x³$ + 1 to protect it from errors. The
message that should be transmitted is
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In ________ ARQ, if a NAK is received only, the specific damaged or lost frame is retransmitted.
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