Frits Zernike invented the Phase Contrast microscope in the 1930s, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. George Stokes is known for fluorescence, Robert Koch for the germ theory of disease, and Alexander Fleming for the discovery of penicillin.
Q2mcq1 mark
The number of ATP molecules generated from one molecule of glucose oxidiz ed in prokaryotes __________.
a.
34
b.
38
Correct Answer
c.
30
d.
36
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In prokaryotes, aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule yields a theoretical maximum of 38 ATP molecules. This occurs because, unlike in eukaryotes, there is no transport cost for moving NADH produced in glycolysis into the mitochondria, allowing for a higher net yield.
Q3mcq1 mark
First genetically produced animal by cloning technique is __________.
a.
Bally
b.
Shally
c.
Vally
d.
Dolly
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell using the technique of nuclear transfer in 1996.
Q4mcq1 mark
The minimum value of aw for the growth of the micro-organisms in foods should be around __________.
a.
0.78
b.
0.99
c.
0.50
d.
0.86
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Water activity ($a_w$) is a measure of the available moisture for microbial growth. Most bacteria require an $a_w$ of at least 0.90, but the general minimum value for the growth of most common spoilage microorganisms in food is considered to be around 0.86.
Q5mcq1 mark
Which of the following chemical lack penetrating power ?
a.
Ethylene oxide
b.
Phenol
Correct Answer
c.
Beta-propiolactone
d.
Iodine
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Phenols act by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes; they possess poor penetrating power compared to gases like Ethylene oxide or Beta-propiolactone, which are used as gaseous sterilants due to their high penetrating capability.
Q6mcq1 mark
B.C.G. Vaccine gives immunity against which of the following disease ?
a.
Cholera
b.
Syphilis
c.
Diphtheria
d.
Tuberculosis
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
B.C.G. (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). It is derived from an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis.
Q7mcq1 mark
Which of the following statement is true concerning Entamoeba histolytica ?
a.
It is not transmitted through faecal-oral route.
b.
It has no cystic stage.
c.
Trophozoites live in large intestine of human.
Correct Answer
d.
It is non-pathogenic.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Entamoeba histolytica resides in the large intestine of humans in its trophozoite form, where it causes amoebic dysentery. Option (a) is false because it is transmitted via the faecal-oral route, (b) is false because it has a cystic stage, and (d) is false because it is pathogenic.
Q8mcq1 mark
Tinea Barbae is also called as __________.
a.
Barber’s itch
Correct Answer
b.
Athlete’s foot
c.
Candidiasis
d.
Onchomycosis
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Tinea barbae is a fungal infection of the bearded area of the face and neck, commonly referred to as 'Barber’s itch'. Athlete's foot is Tinea pedis, and Candidiasis is caused by Candida species.
Q9mcq1 mark
The precursor used in Penicillin production is __________.
a.
Hydrochloric acid
b.
Citric acid
c.
Phenyl acetic acid
Correct Answer
d.
Tartaric acid
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Phenyl acetic acid is the precursor used in the commercial production of Penicillin G to ensure that the side chain of the antibiotic molecule is specifically incorporated. Hydrochloric acid, Citric acid, and Tartaric acid are not used as precursors for Penicillin biosynthesis.
Q10mcq1 mark
Identify the mismatched pair from the following :
a.
Type III- Immune complex
b.
Type I - Atopy
c.
Type IV- Mantoux reaction
d.
Type II- Arthus reaction
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Type II hypersensitivity involves cytotoxic reactions (antibody-dependent), while Arthus reaction is an example of Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex-mediated). Therefore, (d) is the mismatched pair. Type I (Atopy), Type III (Immune complex), and Type IV (Mantoux/delayed type) are correctly matched.
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