Green sulphur bacteria are anoxygenic photosynthesizers — they use H₂S (not H₂O) as the electron donor, so no oxygen is released. Nostoc (cyanobacterium), Cycas (which harbours photosynthetic cyanobacteria in coralloid roots), and Chara (green alga) all perform oxygenic photosynthesis.
Q2mcq
Which one of the following plants shows a very close relationship with a species of moth, where none of the two can complete its life cycle without the other?
a.
Yucca
Correct Answer
b.
Banana
c.
Hydrilla
d.
Viola
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Yucca and the Yucca moth (Tegeticula/Pronuba) share an obligate mutualistic relationship — the moth pollinates the Yucca flower and lays eggs in the ovary; the plant provides food (seeds) for moth larvae. Neither can complete its life cycle without the other.
Q3mcq
In which of the following forms is iron absorbed by plants?
a.
Ferrous
Correct Answer
b.
Free element
c.
Ferric
d.
Both ferric and ferrous
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Plants primarily absorb iron in the ferrous form (Fe²⁺). Even when Fe³⁺ is present in soil, plant root cells reduce it to Fe²⁺ via ferric reductase before uptake through iron transporters.
Q4mcq
Which of the following elements is responsible for maintaining turgor in cells?
a.
Sodium
b.
Potassium
Correct Answer
c.
Magnesium
d.
Calcium
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Potassium (K⁺) is the principal ion responsible for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells. It accumulates in guard cells to cause stomatal opening and plays a key role in osmotic regulation throughout the plant.
Q5mcq
Pollen grains can be stored for several years in liquid nitrogen having a temperature of
a.
–80°C
b.
–196°C
Correct Answer
c.
–120°C
d.
–160°C
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Liquid nitrogen has a temperature of –196°C. Pollen grains stored in liquid nitrogen (cryopreservation) can remain viable for years and are used in pollen banks for crop breeding programmes.
Q6mcq
Double fertilization is
a.
Fusion of one male gamete with two polar nuclei
b.
Fusion of two male gametes with one egg
c.
Fusion of two male gametes of a pollen tube with two different eggs
d.
Syngamy and triple fusion
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Double fertilization in angiosperms involves two events: syngamy (fusion of one male gamete with the egg cell to form the diploid zygote) and triple fusion (fusion of the second male gamete with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus). Together these constitute double fertilization.
Q7mcq
What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?
a.
It functions as an electron carrier.
Correct Answer
b.
It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis.
c.
It functions as an enzyme.
d.
It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
NAD⁺ acts as an electron (and hydrogen) carrier in cellular respiration. It is reduced to NADH during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, then reoxidised in the electron transport chain, thereby shuttling electrons to drive ATP synthesis. It is not the final electron acceptor (O₂ is in aerobic; pyruvate/acetaldehyde in anaerobic), nor an enzyme.
Q8mcq
Select the correct match:
a.
F₂ Recessive parent – Dihybrid cross
b.
T.H. Morgan – Transduction
c.
Ribozyme – Nucleic acid
Correct Answer
d.
G. Mendel – Transformation
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity — they are nucleic acids (RNA) that function as enzymes. T.H. Morgan is associated with linkage and chromosomal theory of inheritance (not transduction — transduction was described by Zinder and Lederberg). G. Mendel is associated with laws of inheritance, not transformation (transformation was shown by Griffith). The F₂ recessive parent ratio is linked to test cross, not specifically dihybrid cross alone.
Q9mcq
Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
a.
Ti plasmid
b.
λ phage
c.
Retrovirus
Correct Answer
d.
pBR 322
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Retroviruses are commonly used as vectors to introduce genes into human lymphocytes in gene therapy (e.g., ADA deficiency treatment). They integrate their genome into the host cell's DNA, making them effective for stable gene delivery into lymphocytes. Ti plasmid is used for plant transformation; pBR 322 is a bacterial cloning vector; λ phage is used in bacterial systems.
Q9mcq
Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
a.
Ti plasmid
b.
λ phage
c.
Retrovirus
Correct Answer
d.
pBR 322
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Retroviruses are commonly used as vectors for gene therapy in human lymphocytes because they can integrate their genetic material into the host cell genome. This property makes them suitable for introducing DNA fragments into human lymphocytes, as was done in the ADA deficiency gene therapy case.
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I:
a. Herbarium
b. Key
c. Museum
d. Catalogue
Column II:
i. It is a place having a collection of preserved plants and animals.
ii. A list that enumerates methodically all the species found in an area with brief description aiding identification.
iii. Is a place where dried and pressed plant specimens mounted on sheets are kept.
iv. A booklet containing a list of characters and their alternates which are helpful in identification of various taxa.
a.
a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv
b.
a-ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i
c.
a-i, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii
d.
a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I Column II
a. Tricuspid valve i. Between left atrium and left ventricle
b. Bicuspid valve ii. Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
c. Semilunar valve iii. Between right atrium and right ventricle
a.
a-i, b-iii, c-ii
b.
a-i, b-ii, c-iii
c.
a-iii, b-i, c-ii
d.
a-ii, b-i, c-iii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I Column II
a. Tidal volume i. 2500 – 3000 mL
b. Inspiratory Reserve volume ii. 1100 – 1200 mL
c. Expiratory Reserve volume iii. 500 – 550 mL
d. Residual volume iv. 1000 – 1100 mL
a.
a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
b.
a-i, b-iv, c-ii, d-iii
c.
a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv
d.
a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
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Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?
(1) Limbic system: consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement.
(2) Hypothalamus: production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst.
(3) Medulla oblongata: controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes.
(4) Corpus callosum: band of fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.
a.
Limbic system: consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement.
b.
Hypothalamus: production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst.
c.
Medulla oblongata: controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes.
d.
Corpus callosum: band of fibers connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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Which of the following characteristics represent 'Inheritance of blood groups' in humans?
a. Dominance
b. Co-dominance
c. Multiple allele
d. Incomplete dominance
e. Polygenic inheritance
a.
a, b and c
b.
b, d and e
c.
b, c and e
d.
a, c and e
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I — Column II
a. Eutrophication — i. UV-B radiation
b. Sanitary landfill — ii. Deforestation
c. Snow blindness — iii. Nutrient enrichment
d. Jhum cultivation — iv. Waste disposal
a.
a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii
b.
a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
c.
a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv
d.
a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I | Column II
a. Proliferative Phase | i. Breakdown of endometrial lining
b. Secretory Phase | ii. Follicular Phase
c. Menstruation | iii. Luteal Phase
a b c
a.
i iii ii
b.
ii iii i
c.
iii ii i
d.
iii i ii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I | Column II
a. Glycosuria | i. Accumulation of uric acid in joints
b. Gout | ii. Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney
c. Renal calculi | iii. Inflammation in glomeruli
d. Glomerular nephritis | iv. Presence of glucose in urine
a b c d
a.
i ii iii iv
b.
ii iii i iv
c.
iii ii iv i
d.
iv i ii iii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I (Function) | Column II (Part of Excretory System)
a. Ultrafiltration | i. Henle's loop
b. Concentration of urine | ii. Ureter
c. Transport of urine | iii. Urinary bladder
d. Storage of urine | iv. Malpighian corpuscle
| v. Proximal convoluted tubule
a b c d
a.
iv i ii iii
b.
v iv i ii
c.
iv v ii iii
d.
v iv i iii
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
Column I | Column II
a. Fibrinogen | i. Osmotic balance
b. Globulin | ii. Blood clotting
c. Albumin | iii. Defence mechanism
a b c
a.
i ii iii
b.
i iii ii
c.
iii ii i
d.
ii iii i
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