The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A). Ohm is the unit of resistance, Volt is the unit of potential difference, and Watt is the unit of power.
Q2mcq1 mark
If a ray of light enters from denser medium to a rarer medium obliquely, then the correct statement related to the speed and bending of that light ray in the rarer medium is
a.
speed decreases and bends towards the normal
b.
speed increases and bends away from the normal
Correct Answer
c.
speed decreases and bends away from the normal
d.
speed increases and bends towards the normal
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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When light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, its speed increases. Due to this increase in speed, the light ray bends away from the normal. Options A and C are incorrect because speed increases, and option D is incorrect because it bends away from, not towards, the normal.
Q3short answer1 mark
Write the symbol diagram of the wire crossing without joining used in an electric circuit.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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The symbol for a wire crossing without joining consists of two lines intersecting where one line is drawn with a small loop (or hump) over the other to indicate they are not connected electrically.
Q4short answer1 mark
Observe the below figure. When switch is put on, does the Y end of the solenoid repel the S pole of the bar magnet ? Clarify the answer.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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Yes, the Y end of the solenoid will repel the S pole of the bar magnet. By using the Right-Hand Thumb Rule, if the current flows in such a way that the end Y acts as a South Pole, it will repel the S pole of the bar magnet because like poles repel each other.
Q5short answer2 marks
Explain the Newton's experiment that shows the recombination of spectrum of white light.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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Isaac Newton showed that white light is composed of seven colors. He placed a second identical glass prism in an inverted position with respect to the first prism. The first prism dispersed the white light into a spectrum. When these colors were passed through the second inverted prism, they recombined to emerge as a beam of white light from the other side of the second prism.
Q6short answer2 marks
What is the function of earth wire ? Mention any two precautionary measures to be taken to avoid overloading in domestic electric circuit.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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Function of earth wire: It acts as a safety measure by providing a low-resistance path for leakage current to the ground, preventing electric shocks. Precautionary measures to avoid overloading: 1. Do not connect too many high-power appliances (like heaters or ACs) to a single socket. 2. Ensure the circuit is protected by a fuse or a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) of appropriate rating.
Q7short answer2 marks
$2 \; \Omega$ and $4 \; \Omega$ resistors are connected in parallel in an electric circuit. If $6 \; \Omega$ resistor is used instead of $4 \; \Omega$, then find the difference between the total resistance obtained in both of these arrangements.
Draw the ray diagram for the image formation in a concave mirror when the object is placed between ‘C’ and ‘F’. Mention the position and size of the image formed. [ C : Centre of curvature, F : Principal focus ]
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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Ray Diagram description: Draw a concave mirror with P, F, and C marked on the principal axis. Place the object between F and C. Draw one ray parallel to the axis passing through F, and another ray passing through F reflecting parallel to the axis. The point where they intersect is the image. Position: The image is formed beyond C. Size: The image is magnified (larger than the object) and real and inverted.
Q9short answer3 marks
a) How does rainbow form in the atmosphere ? Explain. b) What is Tyndall effect ? OR What is power of accommodation of the eye ? What is myopia (near-sightedness) ? Mention the causes for this defect.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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a) A rainbow is a natural spectrum appearing in the sky after a rain shower. It is caused by the dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, acting like small prisms. As sunlight enters a droplet, it undergoes refraction and dispersion, followed by internal reflection, and finally refraction again as it exits, separating white light into its constituent colors.
b) The power of accommodation is the ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length using the ciliary muscles to focus objects at varying distances. Myopia (near-sightedness) is a defect where a person can see nearby objects clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly. Causes: 1) Excessive curvature of the eye lens. 2) Elongation of the eyeball.
Q10short answer3 marks
Explain an activity of drawing magnetic field lines around a bar-magnet using a compass needle. OR Explain an experiment to show that ‘a current carrying conductor when kept in the magnetic field experiences a force’.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
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Activity: Place a bar magnet on a white sheet of paper. Place a small compass near the north pole of the magnet. The south pole of the needle points towards the north pole of the magnet. Mark the position of the two ends of the needle. Move the needle to a new position such that its south pole occupies the position previously occupied by its north pole. Repeat this process until you reach the south pole of the magnet. Join the points marked on the paper to obtain a smooth curve representing a magnetic field line. Repeat for different starting points.
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a) An image of an object is formed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave lens of focal length 30 cm. Then find the object distance. b) An object of height 4 cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens. If the image distance and the object distance are 60 cm and 30 cm respectively, then find the height and magnification of the image.
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a) State Joule’s law of heating and name any one appliance that works on the heating effect of electricity. b) Give reason : i) The tungsten is used in the filament of electric lamps ii) Copper and aluminium wires are usually used for electricity transmission. OR a) State Ohm’s law. List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. b) “The potential difference between two points of a current carrying conductor is 1V.” Mention the meaning of this statement.
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An object of height 4 cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens. If the image distance and the object distance are 60 cm and 30 cm respectively, then find the height and magnification of the image.
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The pH values of four solutions P, Q, R and S are 10, 13·7, 7 and 1·2 respectively. Which solution among these can be used to prepare an antacid ? Why ?
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Draw the diagram of the arrangement of apparatus used to show the action of steam on a metal. Label the following parts :
i) Glass wool soaked in water
ii) Delivery tube.
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The extract of blood report that shows the haemoglobin content of three individuals is given in the table below:
Persons: A (11.1), B (12.0), C (13.3)
Based on this report, which person’s body will receive more oxygen ?
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How does adrenaline hormone help an athlete to prepare for running?
OR
How do auxins promote the growth of tendrils of a climber plant around a support?
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Write the differences between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances with an example.
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Construct a food chain by using the organisms: snake, frog, grass and grasshopper. Which organism has more accumulation of harmful chemicals in this food chain? Why?
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Yellow seed producing (YY) pea plant is crossed with green seed producing (yy) pea plant. Show the results obtained in $F_2$ generation with the help of checker board. Mention the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of the plants produced here.
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a) List the functions of the vas deferens and prostate gland in the human male reproductive system.
b) What are the changes that occur in a flower after the fertilization?
OR
a) How are reproductive processes different in Hydra and Planaria? Explain.
b) How does the uterus prepare to receive a fertilized egg in women? What happens if the egg is not fertilized? Explain.
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