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GATE · Instrumentation Engineering (IN)

GATE Instrumentation Engineering (IN) 2026

2026 · 65 questions · First 10 Solutions Free
Questions 1โ€“10 have full step-by-step solutions visible. Sign in to unlock all 65 →
Q1 mcq
Suresh said, โ€œI did it yesterday.โ€ Which one of the following options is the correct form of this sentence in indirect speech?
a.
Suresh said that I did it yesterday.
b.
Suresh says I did it yesterday.
c.
Suresh says that he did it the day before.
d.
Suresh said that he had done it the day before. Correct Answer

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Q2 mcq
To continue the sequence of tiles shown, the tile indicated by the question mark should be
Question 2 image
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
Correct Answer Choice C image
d.
Choice D image

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Q3 mcq
Consider an art gallery whose walkways are shown as lines in the diagram. A black dot represents a junction of two walkways. A guard may be placed at a junction to watch over the walkways that join at that junction. The minimum number of guards needed to watch all the walkways is ________.
Question 3 image
a.
2
b.
3 Correct Answer
c.
4
d.
5

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Q4 mcq
The 2 nd of June is a Thursday in a certain year. Which day of the week is the 3 rd of July in that year?
a.
Thursday
b.
Friday
c.
Saturday
d.
Sunday Correct Answer

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Q5 mcq
A coin with heads facing up is shown as and a coin with tails facing up is shown as. Six coins are placed in the Starting Arrangement, as shown in the figure below. A โ€œstepโ€ is defined as interchanging a pair of adjacent coins without flipping them. The minimum number of steps needed to go from the Starting Arrangement to the Final Arrangement, as shown in the figure, is ________.
a.
3
b.
6
c.
9 Correct Answer
d.
12

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Q6 mcq
Exacerbate: Mitigate:: ___________ Choose the option with the correct pair of words to fill the blank.
a.
Aggravate: Alleviate Correct Answer
b.
Alleviate: Precipitate
c.
Aggravate: Precipitate
d.
Emancipate: Exonerate

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Q7 mcq
A paper shown in Panel I is folded along the dashed lines (- - -) to construct a cube. The shaded regions shown in Panel I appear on the outer surface of the cube. Referring to cubes shown in Panel II, which one of the options is correct?
Question 7 image
a.
Only (i) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.
b.
Only (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I. Correct Answer
c.
Both (i) and (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.
d.
Neither (i) nor (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.

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Q8 mcq
In a population, patients who have high cholesterol also have high blood-pressure (BP). Some patients with high BP also have diabetes. There are no patients who have both high cholesterol and diabetes. Furthermore, 1. the total number of patients with at least one of these conditions is 75, 2. the number of patients with high cholesterol is 10, 3. the number of patients with high BP is 45, and 4. the number of patients with only high BP and no other conditions is 20. Then the number of patients who have both diabetes and high BP is _______
a.
0
b.
15 Correct Answer
c.
20
d.
10

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Q9 mcq
Four people P, Q, R, and S, of different ages, make the following observations. P โ€“ I am younger than S. Q โ€“ I am neither the youngest nor the oldest. R โ€“ P is older than me. Based on these observations, the youngest person is ______.
a.
P
b.
Q
c.
R Correct Answer
d.
S

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Q10 mcq
Circles $C$ 1, $C$ 2, and $C$ 3, with centers $O$ 1, $O$ 2, and $O$ 3, and radii $r$ 1, $r$ 2, and $r$ 3, respectively, touch each other as shown in the following figure. Given $r$ 1 = 2 cm, $r$ 2 = 1 cm and the angle $โˆ O$ 1 $O$ 3 $O$ 2 is 90ยฐ, $r$ 3 = _____ cm.
Question 10 image
a.
1 (-3 + $\sqrt{17}$) 2 Correct Answer
b.
1 (3 + $\sqrt{17}$) 2
c.
1 (-2 + $\sqrt{17}$) 2
d.
1 (-3 + $2\sqrt{17}$) 2

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Q11 mcq
A matrix $P$ โˆˆ โ„ $3\times3$ satisfies $P$ 3 - $4P$ 2 + $5P$ - $2I$ = 0 where $I$ is a 3 $\times$ 3 identity matrix. The set of all possible eigenvalues of matrix $P$ is ___.
a.
{1,2,3}
b.
{1}
c.
{1,2}
d.
{2}
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Q12 mcq
Which one among the following statements is true for the function $f(x)$ = $x|x|$ ?
a.
$f(x)$ is discontinuous but not differentiable at $x$ = 0.
b.
$f(x)$ is discontinuous and differentiable at $x$ = 0.
c.
$f(x)$ is continuous but not differentiable at $x$ = 0.
d.
$f(x)$ is continuous and differentiable at $x$ = 0.
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Q13 mcq
Consider a function $f(z)$ = $z$ 2 + $z$ + 1 where $z$ โˆˆ โ„‚ is a complex variable. A simple closed contour $ฮณ$ in $z-plane$ encloses the point $z$ = 1 + $0j.$ $f(z)$ The value of integral $\oint dz$ = _______. $ฮณ z-1$
a.
$6ฯ€j$
b.
$3ฯ€j$
c.
$12ฯ€j$
d.
$ฯ€j$
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Q14 mcq
Consider a matrix 1 0 2 $A$ = [ -1 1 0 ] 0 1 2 $x$ 1 1 Let $b$ = [ 3 ] and $x$ = [ $x$ 2 ] $x$ 3 0 The number of solutions to the linear system of equations $Ax$ = $b$ is _____.
a.
0
b.
1
c.
6
d.
infinitely many
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Q15 mcq
An electric field has a potential of $V(x, y, z)$ = $\sqrt{x}$ 2 + $y$ 2 + $z$ 2 V. A charge of 1 coulomb placed at $(iฬ‚$ + $jฬ‚$ + $kฬ‚)$ experiences a force of $Fโƒ—$ = $(aiฬ‚$ + $bjฬ‚$ + $ckฬ‚)$ N The values of $(a, b, c)$ are ______.
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
Choice C image
d.
$a$ = 0, $b$ = 1, $c$ = 1 3
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Q16 mcq
The RLC filter shown below acts as a ________. R V V in out L C
a.
low pass filter
b.
high pass filter
c.
band pass filter
d.
band stop filter
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Q17 mcq
A single phase step-down transformer has a high voltage primary winding and a low voltage secondary winding. The secondary winding is connected to a load impedance Z 2. The impedance Z 2 when referred to the primary winding is denoted by $Z$ 2โ€ฒ. Which of the following conditions is true?
a.
$Z$ 2โ€ฒ = $Z$ 2
b.
0.5 $Z$ 2 < $Z$ 2โ€ฒ < $Z$ 2
c.
$Z$ 2โ€ฒ > $Z$ 2
d.
$Z$ 2โ€ฒ $\le$ 0.5 $Z$ 2
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Q18 mcq
A square wave signal of frequency 20 kHz is passed through an ideal low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 21 kHz. The output signal is a _______.
a.
20 kHz sine wave
b.
20 kHz square wave
c.
20 kHz triangular wave
d.
20 kHz saw-tooth wave
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Q19 mcq
Given $x(t)$ = 4 $sin(15ฯ€ t)$ + 7 $cos(4ฯ€ t),$ where t is in seconds. The fundamental period of $x(t)$ is _____ seconds.
a.
15
b.
60
c.
30
d.
2
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Q20 mcq
Among the following, the differential equation(s) not representative of a linear dynamical system is/are ____.
$d$ 2 $x$ $dx$
+ $2t$ + $x(t)$ = $u(t)$
$dt$ 2 $dt$
$dx$ 2 $dx$
( ) + 2 + =
$dt$ $dt$
(iii) +2 $d$ 2 $x$ $dt$ 2
a.
(i) and (ii) only
b.
(i) only
c.
(ii) only
d.
(ii) and (iii) only
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Q21 mcq
A common gate amplifier represents a _____________.
a.
voltage controlled voltage source
b.
current controlled current source
c.
voltage controlled current source
d.
current controlled voltage source
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Q22 mcq
In the circuit shown, the BJT has a $$ of 100. The base-emitter junction voltage is 0.65 V. The quiescent collector current, I C is _______ mA. 5 V 5 kW 5 kW I C 5 kW 5 kW
a.
0.365
b.
0.435
c.
0.625
d.
0.862
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Q23 mcq
The maximum signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR) for a 16-bit analog-to- digital converter is approximately _________ dB.
a.
48
b.
68
c.
88
d.
98
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Q24 mcq
The Kelvin double bridge is used to measure ______ valued resistances and has ______ resistors in its construction.
a.
low; three-terminal
b.
low; four-terminal
c.
high; three-terminal
d.
high; four-terminal
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Q25 mcq
Active strain gauges are connected in a half-bridge configuration to measure strain in a cantilever element. When powered by a voltage source of 10 V, the voltage at the output of the bridge is 1 mV. If the gauge factor is 2.5, the strain in the cantilever element is ________ microstrain.
a.
40
b.
80
c.
20
d.
160
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Q26 mcq
A glass pH electrode behaves linearly with an output change of 60 mV per unit change in pH. The measurement reference is set such that a solution of pH 6 produces an output of 60 mV. The pH of a solution that results in an output of -90 mV is _______.
a.
3.5
b.
3
c.
8
d.
8.5
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Q27 mcq
An analog speech signal contains signals from 200 Hz to 2400 Hz. It is sampled at 6 kHz and quantized with 512 levels for pulse code modulation (PCM). The bit rate will be _____ kbps.
a.
16
b.
48
c.
19.2
d.
54
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Q28 mcq
The slope efficiency of a laser diode is 0.5 W/A, and the output optical power at a current of 100 mA is 30 mW. Assuming piece-wise linear characteristics of the laser diode, the threshold current of the laser is ________ mA.
a.
0
b.
20
c.
40
d.
60
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Q29 msq
In a linear element, the measured current is 100 mA $\pm$ 2.5% and the measured voltage is 5 V $\pm$ 5%. Which of the following options show(s) the consumed power?
a.
(500 $\pm$ 37.5) mW
b.
(500 $\pm$ 12.5) mW
c.
500 mW $\pm$ 7.5%
d.
500 mW $\pm$ 2.5%
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Q30 msq
Which of the following statements is/are correct for a thermocouple?
a.
It is based on the Seebeck Effect.
b.
The change in resistance is measured.
c.
The voltage difference between the two junctions is linearly proportional to the temperature difference between the junctions.
d.
It is based on the concept of Joule Heating.
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Q31 nat
A data set is given to be [1, 2, 0, -1, -3, 1, 2, 0, 1]. The median of the data set is ____. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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Q32 nat
The potential difference between nodes $A$ and $B$ in a circuit is $v A$ - $v B$ = 5 V. The work done in moving a charge of 1 coulomb from point $B$ to $A$ is ____ J. (answer in integer)
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Q33 nat
In a series $RL$ circuit shown in the figure, the current through the resistor lags the AC source voltage by 45ยฐ. Let $R$ = $100ฯ€$ ฮฉ and $L$ = 2 H. R L The frequency of the source is ____ Hz. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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Q34 nat
In the circuit below the maximum value of v out is ________ V. (rounded off to the nearest integer) 4 W 15 cos t v w 3 V out 8 W
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Q35 nat
The minimum number of comparators required in a 6-bit flash analog-to-digital converter is ________. (answer in integer)
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Q36 mcq
A box contains three apples and two oranges. Two fruits are removed randomly in succession. The probability that the first is an apple and the second is an orange is _____.
a.
3 5
b.
3 20
c.
3 10
d.
2 5
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Q37 mcq
An electric field in free space is $Eโƒ—โƒ—$ = $(2x$ + $5y$ + $6z)iฬ‚$ + $(5x$ + $4y$ + $10z)jฬ‚$ + $(6x$ + $10y$ + $2z)kฬ‚$ V/m. The charge density is ____ C/m 3. $(ฮต$ 0 is the permittivity of free space)
a.
$8ฮต$ 0
b.
$10ฮต$ 0
c.
$6ฮต$ 0
d.
$4ฮต$ 0
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Q38 mcq
A straight thin wire carrying a current of $I$ = 1 A in the direction $nฬ‚$ = 1 $iฬ‚$ + 2 $jฬ‚$ + 1 $kฬ‚$ is placed inside a magnetic field of $Bโƒ—โƒ—$ = $(2iฬ‚$ + $2kฬ‚)$ T. $\sqrt{6} \sqrt{6} \sqrt{6}$ The force per unit length on the wire is _____ N/m.
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
4 $\sqrt{6}$
d.
3 3 3 $โˆš iฬ‚$ + $โˆš jฬ‚$ + $โˆš kฬ‚$ 2 4 4
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Q39 mcq
A two-port network has z-parameters z 11 = z 22 = 10 W, and z 12 = z 21 = 5 W. The value of R L such that maximum power is transferred to R L is _________ W. 5 W 5 V
a.
5.67
b.
8.33
c.
10.33
d.
25.67
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Q40 mcq
In the circuit shown below, the value of the output voltage $V$ 0 is _____ V. 2 W
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
8
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Q41 mcq
A signal x (t) is shown below. The plot of y (t) $=$ 1 $-$ x (4 $-$ t) is shown in ______.
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
Choice C image
d.
Choice D image
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Q42 mcq
In the table shown below, List-I are the system responses to input $x(t)$ and List-II are the system properties. The correct matching is ____. List-I List-II (M) x 2 (t) (I) Linear and Time-invariant (N) x ($-$ t) (II) Non-linear and Time-varying (O) | x (3 $-$ t) | (III) Linear and Time-varying (P) x (t $-$ 3)
a.
M-IV, N-III, O-II, P-I
b.
M-II, N-I, O-IV, P-III
c.
M-III, N-IV, O-II, P-I
d.
M-I, N-IV, O-III, P-II
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Q43 mcq
Given two signals: $x(t)$ = $u(t$ - 2) - $u(t$ - 3), and $y(t)$ = $e -4t u(t).$ If $z(t)$ = $x(t)$ โˆ— $y(t),$ then $Z(s)$ is _______.
a.
$e -3s [e s$ - 1] $s(s$ + 4)
b.
$e -s [e -3s$ - 1] $(s$ + $3)(s$ + 4)
c.
$e -3s$ [1 - $e s$ ] $(s$ + $3)(s$ + 4)
d.
$e -3s$ [1 - $e s$ ] $s(s$ + 4)
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Q44 mcq
A linear time invariant (LTI) system is described by:
$xฬ‡$ 0 1 $x$ 1
[ 1 ] [ ][ 1 ] [ $]u$
$xฬ‡$ -10 -7 $x$ 1
2 2
$x$ 1 $y$ = [1 1] [ $x$ ] 2 The poles of the system are ____.
a.
-2, -5
b.
2, 5
c.
-2, 5
d.
2, - 5
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Q45 mcq
In the circuit shown below, R is 1 kW and R f is 10 kW. If V in is 100 mV and the op-amps have supply voltages of $\pm15$ V, then V out is _______ V. R f V R V in out R f
a.
-15
b.
15
c.
2.1
d.
1.1
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Q46 mcq
In the following active filter circuit with ideal op-amps, R is 1 kW, C is 1 $F,$ and V in has an amplitude of 1 V at 1000 rad/s. The amplitude of V out is __________ V. R R V in
a.
0.5
b.
0.707
c.
1.0
d.
1.414
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Q47 mcq
The initial state of Q 3 Q 2 Q 1 Q 0 in the digital circuit shown below is 1011. The new value of Q 3 Q 2 Q 1 Q 0 after two rising edges of the clock (CLK) will be _____. D 3 Q 3 D 2 Q 2 CLK CLK CLK
a.
1101
b.
0101
c.
1010
d.
1011
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Q48 mcq
A closed Lissajous pattern observed on an oscilloscope in the $X$ - $Y$ mode has three horizontal tangencies and two vertical tangencies in steady state. If the signal- frequency on $channel-X$ is 600 Hz, then the signal-frequency on $channel-Y$ is ___________ Hz.
a.
300
b.
400
c.
600
d.
900
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Q49 mcq
If the definition of SI unit โ€˜Xโ€™ is required to define SI unit โ€˜Yโ€™, the dependency is indicated as X $$ Y. A valid order of dependencies, as per present convention, is ___________.
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
Choice C image
d.
Choice D image
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Q50 mcq
A parallel plate capacitive displacement sensor has a plate area of 2 cm 2. The air gap between the plates is decreased by 0.1 mm from an initial value of 0.5 mm. The percentage change in the capacitance value is ______ %. (Assume permittivity as $ฮต$ 0 = 8.854 $\times$ 10 -12 $F/m)$
a.
10.0
b.
14.1
c.
25.0
d.
30.0
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Q51 mcq
The emitted radiant energy from a piece of metal was measured using a pyrometer. The temperature was calculated to be 1000 ยฐC, assuming a surface emissivity of 0.8. It was later found that the true surface emissivity was 0.7. The actual temperature of the object is nearest to ______ ยฐC.
a.
1043
b.
958
c.
1033
d.
967
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Q52 mcq
An amplitude modulated voltage signal $x(t)$ drives a load of 1 W. $x(t)$ = $K cos(300ฯ€ t)$ + $L cos(240ฯ€ t)$ + $L cos(360ฯ€ t).$ If the efficiency is 60% and the carrier power is 50 W, the value of $L$ is ______ V.
a.
8.66
b.
1.22
c.
0.81
d.
17.32
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Q53 msq
Given $f(x, y)$ = $x$ 2 - $2xy$ + $y$ 2 The complete contour of the equation $f(x, y)$ = 1 is described by the option(s) ___.
a.
A line, $x$ - $y$ = 1
b.
A circle with radius 1
c.
An ellipse with length of major axis equal to 1
d.
A line, $x$ - $y$ = -1
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Q54 msq
$d$ 2 $x$ Given a differential equation + $x$ = 0 with $x(0) =ฬธ$ 0. $dt$ 2 Which of the following statements is/are true?
a.
Choice A image
b.
Choice B image
c.
Choice C image
d.
$dx(t)$ 2 $|x(t)|$ 2 + | | = sin $t$ for all $t \ge$ 0 $dt$
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Q55 msq
Which of the following functions represent(s) the output of the CMOS logic-gate shown in the circuit below? V DD C A f
a.
ฬ…+B ฬ… โ‹… Cฬ… $f=A$
b.
ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… $f$ = A+BC
c.
ฬ… โ‹… (B ฬ… + Cฬ…) $f=$ A
d.
$f$ = ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ…ฬ… A โ‹… (B + C)
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Q56 msq
A 16-bit processor has 16-bit wide instructions and a few internal registers. Every 16-bit instruction is encoded in a fixed format with one operation code of 7 bits and up to three operands. The operand can be an internal register and each operand is encoded by 3 bits. All the internal registers can be specified in an instruction using three bits. The correct statement(s) for this processor is/are _____.
a.
The processor has 16 internal registers.
b.
The processor can support 128 unique operation codes (Opcodes).
c.
The processor has up to 8 internal registers.
d.
The processor can support 512 unique operation codes (Opcodes).
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Q57 nat
1, $t$ โˆˆ [0,2] Let $f(t)$ = { $-t$ + 3, $t$ โˆˆ [2,3] 0, otherwise Then $\infty \int f(ฯ„)dฯ„$ =_____. (rounded off to one decimal place) $-\infty$
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Q58 nat
A single phase transformer has a rating of 10 kVA, 50 Hz, 1100 V/ 220 V. In an open circuit test with the high voltage side open, the following are obtained: $$ Voltage applied to the low voltage winding = 220 V $$ Measured power = 363 W $$ Measured current = 2.75 A Magnetizing reactance $X m$ referred to the high voltage winding is __________โ„ฆ. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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Q59 nat
A linear time invariant (LTI) system has a transfer function $G(s)$ = $10(s$ + 1) $s(s$ 2 + $2s$ + 5) The system is placed in unity negative feedback configuration. For a unit ramp reference, the steady state error is _______. (rounded off to two decimal places)
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Q60 nat
The system $G (s)$ = has a gain margin of 20 dB. The value of K 4 $K$ $(s+1)$ is ______. (rounded off to two decimal places)
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Q61 nat
In the phase-locked-loop circuit shown below, the output of the VCO is a digital square wave. Input รท20 counter Phase Loop detector filter VCO Output รท1024 counter If the input is a square wave at 10 kHz, the steady state frequency of the output is ________ kHz. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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Q62 nat
A digital counter increments its count every 0.1 $s.$ The counter is used in an instrument to measure frequency. The counter is operated for one period of the input signal to the instrument to measure its frequency. The input signal is approximately at 100 kHz. The maximum error in the measured frequency is _____ kHz. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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Q63 nat
A current carrying semiconductor of thickness 0.7 mm is placed in a transverse magnetic field. The measured Hall voltage is 0.9 mV and the current is 6 mA. If the Hall coefficient is 4 x 10 -4 m 3 /C, the value of the incident magnetic field is _______ T. (rounded off to two decimal places)
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Q64 nat
For a fiber Bragg grating-based sensor, the shift in the Bragg wavelength gives information about the value of the measurand. For a Bragg wavelength of 1550 nm and effective index of 1.44, the grating period is _______ nm. (rounded off to two decimal places)
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Q65 nat
A photodiode has a responsivity 0.8 A/W. If the input optical power to the photodiode is 2 mW, the power delivered to a 50 W load is _______ $W.$ (rounded off to the nearest integer)
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