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GATE · Humanities Social Sciences Sociology (XHC6)

GATE Humanities Social Sciences Sociology (XHC6) 2026

2026 · 65 questions · First 10 Solutions Free
Questions 1–10 have full step-by-step solutions visible. Sign in to unlock all 65 →
Q1 mcq
β€œHe often _____ the numbers. False claims are not going to help. Honesty _____ trust”, said the manager. Choose the option with the correct order of words to fill the blanks.
a.
exaggerates; engenders Correct Answer
b.
excels; encourages
c.
aggravates; alleviates
d.
diminishes; eliminates

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Q2 mcq
In the sequence of tiles shown below, the missing tile indicated by the question mark should be
a.
Choice A image
b.
Correct Answer Choice B image
c.
Choice C image
d.
Choice D image

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Q3 mcq
A school has 100 students distributed among 1 st to 10 th standards. Based on this, which one of the following statements is always correct?
a.
There are at least 10 students who belong to the same standard. Correct Answer
b.
There is at least one student in each standard.
c.
There are at most 10 students in 10 th standard.
d.
The total number of students from 1 st to 5 th standards is at least 50.

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Q4 mcq
How many 3-digit numbers can be formed using three distinct single digit prime numbers?
a.
64
b.
24 Correct Answer
c.
12
d.
4

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Q5 mcq
In a group of students, 10 students like Mathematics, 12 students like English, 4 students like both Mathematics and English, and 6 students like neither Mathematics nor English. The number of students in the group is ____
a.
18
b.
20
c.
24 Correct Answer
d.
32

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Q6 mcq
Charity: P:: Retaliation: Q Choose the appropriate pair of words P and Q that fit the analogy.
a.
P = Parsimonious; Q = Vengeful
b.
P = Altruistic; Q = Amicable
c.
P = Resentful; Q = Spiteful
d.
P = Magnanimous; Q = Vindictive Correct Answer

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Q7 mcq
A paper shown in Panel I is folded along the dashed lines (- - -) to construct a cube. The shaded regions shown in Panel I appear on the outer surface of the cube. Referring to cubes shown in Panel II, which one of the options is correct?
Question 7 image
a.
Only (i) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I. Correct Answer
b.
Only (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.
c.
Both (i) and (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.
d.
Neither (i) nor (ii) can correspond to the unfolded cube in Panel I.

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Q8 mcq
Consider the cube shown below with its 8 corners labelled a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h. The figure is representative. All corners are to be colored such that any two corners that are connected by an edge must be of different colors. The minimum number of colors required to achieve this is ________
Question 8 image
a.
8
b.
4
c.
3
d.
2 Correct Answer

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Q9 mcq
Four hills H1, H2, H3, and H4 are present in an area. The following observations are made about them: i. Neither H2 nor H3 is the easternmost hill. ii. Neither H2 nor H3 is the westernmost hill. iii. Neither the easternmost hill nor the westernmost hill is the southernmost iv. Two hills are located to the west of H2. v. The southernmost hill has at least two hills to its east. hill. The southernmost hill is ________.
a.
H1
b.
H2
c.
H3 Correct Answer
d.
H4

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Q10 mcq
As shown in the figure, circle $C$ 1 with center $O$ 1 and radius $r$ 1 touches the square $VWXY$ at points $P$ and $Q$ while circle $C$ 2 with center $O$ 2 and radius $r$ 2 touches the square $VWXY$ at points $R$ and $S.$ The two circles touch each other at $T.$ Μ…Μ…Μ…Μ…Μ… = 4 cm, $r$ = _____ cm. Given $r$ = 1 cm and Μ…Μ…Μ…Μ… $VY$ = $VW$ 2 1
Question 10 image
a.
4 - $3\sqrt{2}$
b.
1 + $2\sqrt{2}$
c.
7 - $4\sqrt{2}$ Correct Answer
d.
5 + $3\sqrt{2}$

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Q11 mcq
expert in one of the performing arts, namely, dance, theatre, guitar and percussion, not necessarily in that order. The dancer is taller than the theatre expert. Aman is taller than Chiranjeevi. The percussionist is taller than Beena but shorter than Aman. Beena is shorter than the dancer. The guitarist is not the tallest. Dhiman is shorter than both, guitarist and Chiranjeevi. What is the expertise of Aman?
a.
Dance
b.
Theatre
c.
Guitar
d.
Percussion
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Q12 mcq
Let $βˆ†ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with the base $AB$ of length 8 units. Let $CD$ be a perpendicular of length 4 units drawn from the vertex $C$ onto the base $AB$ and $AC$ = $BC.$ Then, which of the following is the set of values of the angles (in degrees) $CAB, ABC, BCA$ respectively?
a.
45,45,90
b.
100,40,40
c.
90,45,45
d.
40,40,100
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Q13 mcq
In the given passage, fill in the blanks with most suitable set of given words: The future must no longer be___ by the past. While, the effects of the past are still with us, each day is a new___. Therefore, one should ___from solely believing in destiny and crave towards charting their own path of success with grit and labour. Positive_______ is imperative.
a.
Determined, beginning, refrain, anticipation
b.
Fascinated, one, include, physiology
c.
Explored, suffering, content, psychiatry
d.
Marred, life, hinder, labyrinth
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Q14 msq
Indian society is experiencing a boom in pet culture, where people are becoming responsible caretakers of pets rather than merely providing food and shelter. They no longer like to identify themselves as β€˜pet-owners’ but rather as β€˜pet-parents’. This means that there is an emotional transaction rather than a utilitarian one. Which of the following weaken(s) the argument presented in the given passage?
a.
Some social media influencers are using their pets only for popularity.
b.
Food, medicines and clothes for pets are becoming easily available.
c.
Pet owners are expecting some provision for tax rebate.
d.
In today’s stressful times, pets provide emotional support.
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Q15 msq
Three statements, S1, S2 and S3 are given, followed with 4 conclusions, C1, C2, C3 and C4. S1: Hostel authorities organised a special lunch on 01-02-26 during 12 noon to 3 pm, for those residents of the Hostel, who paid hostel mess fees on time. S2: Hostel authorities issued a notice that, since elections for Mess Council is held during 4-5 pm of 01-02-26, residents of the Hostel who are contesting the elections need to stay away from the hostel since morning till 5 pm. S3: Hostel residents who were eligible to have special lunch, had it on 01-02-26. C1: Residents who did not have special lunch on 01-02-26, either did not pay hostel mess fees on time or were contesting elections. C2: Residents having special lunch on 01-02-26, were either not contesting elections or had paid hostel mess fees on time. C3: Residents who are contesting elections need not care about paying mess fees. C4: Residents who have paid hostel mess fees on time could join special lunch only if they are not contesting elections. Which of the conclusion(s) is/are incorrect?
a.
Only one among C1, C2, C3 and C4 is incorrect.
b.
C1 and C2 are incorrect.
c.
C2 and C3 are incorrect.
d.
C3 and C4 are incorrect.
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Q16 msq
Six statements, S1 to S6, are given. S1: All GATE candidates are engineers. S2: Some GATE candidates are CAT candidates. S3: All GRE candidates are GATE candidates. S4: All engineers are GRE candidates. S5: Some CAT candidates are GRE candidates. S6: Some CAT candidates are engineers. Based on S1-S6, following options provide a set of three statements, followed by a fourth statement. Identify the option(s) where the fourth statement can be necessarily inferred from the set of three statements.
a.
{S1, S2, S3} => S5
b.
{S4, S1, S2} => S5
c.
{S6, S1, S3} => S5
d.
{S4, S3, S1} => S6
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Q17 msq
Four couples M-N, O-P, R-L, S-E meet to have a dinner together on an eight- seater rectangular dining table with four seats each on opposite sides. The men are named as M, O, R, S. Two of the men, O, R, sit on the two corners of one side of the table and M sits beside R. Further, none of the couples occupy seats opposite to each other. However, a person sits adjacent to the seat opposite to his/her spouse. Based on the information, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
a.
R sits opposite to N and S sits opposite to P.
b.
R sits opposite to P and O sits opposite to N.
c.
S sits opposite to N and O sits opposite to L.
d.
M sits opposite to L and O sits opposite to E.
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Q18 mcq
Me and my spouse have a big family, comprising 8 females and 6 males. We have two sons and two daughters, of whom the eldest is unmarried. Out of my two grandsons and three granddaughters, only one grandson is a single child. His mother is my younger daughter. Which of my children necessarily has two daughters?
a.
None of my sons
b.
One of my sons
c.
One of my daughters
d.
Elder daughter
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Q19 mcq
Given the first four terms 30, 105, 385, 1001 in a sequence, which amongst the following is the fifth term of the sequence?
a.
2341
b.
2431
c.
2571
d.
2751
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Q20 msq
Three players named Arun, Babita and Chandu play a game by tossing an unbiased coin in turn whose rules are as follows: Initially each player has 100 candies. If the tossing of this coin results in a β€˜head’ then the player who tosses receives 10 candies from each of the other two players, whereas, if the toss results in a β€˜tail’ then the player who tosses has to give away 20 candies to each of the other two players. A player with the highest number of candies at the end will be the winner. The game is started by Arun, followed by Babita and finally stopped after Chandu’s turn. Given that Arun is the only winner, which of the following hold(s) true?
a.
Arun has 90 candies more than Chandu
b.
Both Babita and Chandu have the same number of candies
c.
Arun has 90 candies more than Babita
d.
Babita and Chandu together have 120 candies
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Q21 msq
Choose the correct sequence of sentences so that they form a coherent paragraph: P. However, in the context of texts dealing with science or engineering, this condition may not be applicable. Q. One can infer, that there is something called discipline fidelity and within this aspect, content, language, structure and scope of a text may vary. R. In the meaning-making process of a text, it is not always logic that is central. S. Most of the times, it is the expression of the experience that supersedes the structure and argument. Which of the following options is/are correct and giving the most appropriate order and meaning to the sentence?
a.
RSPQ
b.
QRSP
c.
RSQP
d.
SPRQ
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Q22 msq
Mental health is a global concern, especially among the youth. During the Covid- 19 pandemic, when schools and colleges were operating online, students were left with no option but to stay at home leading to negligible social interaction. Several studies indicate that even when offline classes have now resumed post Covid-19 pandemic, these students are finding it difficult to establish social connect leading to mental health issues. To deal with this situation, schools and colleges are trying hard to implement different strategies to combat their student’s mental health depending on their unique culture, overall strength, and resources. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above passage?
a.
India is a young nation.
b.
mental health.
c.
A combination of online and offline class is good for students.
d.
Social connect is important for mental health.
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Q23 msq
On the basis of syntax and grammar, identify the incorrect sentence(s). I. Doctors have found high levels of cerebrospinal fluid in certain cases of cerebral palsy around the world. They also suggested its abnormal impact on speech and muscle movement. II. Doctors have found high levels of cerebrospinal fluid in certain cases of cerebral palsy around the world which suggests the abnormal impact on speech and muscle movement. III. Having found high levels of cerebrospinal fluid in certain cases of cerebral palsy around the world, doctors are suggesting abnormal impact on speech and muscle movement. IV. Having found high levels of cerebrospinal fluid in certain cases of cerebral palsy around the world, doctors suggested its abnormal impact on speech and muscle movement.
a.
I
b.
II
c.
III
d.
IV
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Q24 msq
In a cricket match amongst 7 friends, named P1 – P7, P1 scored maximum individual runs of 25 and P7 scored minimum individual run of 0. No two friends had the same score. The median and average runs scored were 15 and 12.57, not necessarily in that order. Two players, P2 and P3, who scored more than median but less than maximum, scored less than 40 runs together. One player scored double the sum of non-zero scores of two players. What could be the possible value(s) of the second highest score?
a.
18
b.
20
c.
21
d.
22
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Q25 nat
A police station has six personnel comprising an inspector (I) and five constables $(C$ 1, $C$ 2, $C$ 3, $C$ 4, $C$ 5). Normally, a β€˜raid team’ of two, three, or four members is formed depending upon the nature of the raid. As per rule, it is mandatory that the inspector is part of raid team. Number of distinct raid teams that can be formed is __________________. (Answer in integer)
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Q26 nat
A man visits four relatives on a day. He purchases some sweets and gives a part of it to the first relative. Next, he purchases the same number of sweets he is left with after he visited his first relative. He repeats this process while visiting his other relatives. Finally, he gives all the sweets to his fourth relative. It is known that he gives equal number of sweets to all the relatives and is left with no sweets after the fourth relative. Assuming that he initially purchased more than 20 sweets, the minimum number of sweets he gave to each relative is _______________. (Answer in integer)
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Q27 mcq
Which one of the following is NOT an example of the public sphere as conceptualized by J. Habermas?
a.
Discussion in a cafΓ©
b.
Religious procession
c.
Trade union meeting
d.
Residents Welfare Association (RWA) meeting of a colony
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Q28 mcq
We accept orders from others because we believe that they have the right to issue these orders. Which combination of sociological theorist and idea correctly represents this statement?
a.
Foucault, genealogy
b.
Weber, legitimacy
c.
Durkheim, solidarity
d.
C. W. Mills, consensus
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Q29 mcq
Which one of the following actions does NOT constitute social action according to Max Weber?
a.
An unintended collision between two cyclists
b.
Winking at a friend
c.
Listening to music on your headphones while ignoring acquaintances in an elevator
d.
Two random unrelated cyclists trying to avoid colliding with each other at a busy intersection
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Q30 mcq
Fill in the blank with the correct option: One of the functions of the rain dance in the Hopi community is to demonstrate that the Hopi are worthy enough to receive the much needed thunderstorms. According to Robert Merton, this is an example of _________________.
a.
manifest function only
b.
both manifest and latent functions
c.
latent function only
d.
community dysfunction
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Q31 mcq
According to Marshall Sahlins, which one of the following societies can be characterized as the β€˜original affluent society’?
a.
Capitalist society
b.
Post-industrial society
c.
Hunting-gathering society
d.
Peasant society
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Q32 mcq
Fill in the blank with the correct option: A statistical relationship between two or more variables is known as _____________.
a.
zero sum game
b.
correlation
c.
theoretical saturation
d.
experimental group
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Q33 mcq
If jatis can set up their own ritual practices, then in the same manner, they can also set up their own models for upward mobility within the ritual order of hierarchy. What is this process known as?
a.
Segmentation
b.
Hypogamy
c.
Sanskritization
d.
Pauperization
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Q34 mcq
When a large target population that forms the basis of a social research study is made up of many age groups, what is the best sampling technique to avoid the problem of over-representation or under-representation of certain age groups in the study?
a.
Opportunity sampling
b.
Snowball sampling
c.
Non-probability sampling
d.
Stratified random sampling
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Q35 mcq
In a particular elementary structure of kinship, Group A gives its women in marriage to Group B, and Group B, in return, gives its women to Group A. What is this type of marriage known as?
a.
Restricted exchange
b.
Relative exchange
c.
Open-ended exchange
d.
Generalized exchange
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Q36 mcq
Bernard Cohn classified rural settlements into which one of the following typology of villages?
a.
Dispersed, Agnated, Hamleted
b.
Nucleated, Dispersed, Hamleted
c.
Agnated, Nucleated, Clustered
d.
Hamleted, Agnated, Nucleated
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Q37 mcq
In the 1950s, early postcolonial Indian sociologists focused primarily on which one of the following areas of inquiry?
a.
The family
b.
The village
c.
Religion and communalism
d.
Conflict and change
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Q38 mcq
Which one of the following options focuses on the relationship between peasant mobilizations and the nationalist movement?
a.
Frankfurt school
b.
Subaltern studies
c.
Functionalist approach
d.
Structuralist approach
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Q39 mcq
Consider the following statements about white collar professionals and choose the correct option based on C. W. Mills’s views in his book, White Collar: P) White collar professionals experience powerlessness as their daily lives become increasingly routinized and regimented. Q) White collar professionals experience a strong sense of purpose because of their routinized and regimented work lives.
a.
Both P and Q are correct
b.
Both P and Q are incorrect
c.
P is incorrect and Q is correct
d.
P is correct and Q is incorrect
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Q40 mcq
Dependency theory is a critique of ___________.
a.
modernization theories
b.
feminist theories
c.
post-structuralism
d.
post-modernism
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Q41 msq
According to Durkheim, which of the following conditions of division of labour is/are considered as leading to disintegration?
a.
Exaggeration of specialization of tasks
b.
Forced division of labour
c.
Increase in density of collective consciousness
d.
Increase in the density of population
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Q42 msq
Which of the following options is/are the correct representation(s) of β€˜Generalized Other’ according to G. H. Mead?
a.
Necessarily only the family of the individual
b.
The organized community or group to which an individual belongs
c.
Culturally distant communities
d.
Stigmatized groups of the society
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Q43 msq
Select the option(s) that reflect(s) how new social movements (NSMs) differ from their older counterparts.
a.
They foreground non-class identities.
b.
They coalesce around class based forms of exploitation.
c.
They are linked inherently to democratic politics and the process of democratization.
d.
They are organized towards transformative social change through the capture of political power.
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Q44 msq
Which of the following option(s) is/are true about the phenomenon of β€˜missing women’ as discussed by Amartya Sen?
a.
It refers to women who go missing every year in the United States.
b.
It refers to female disadvantage in terms of excess mortality and lower survival rates of women in many parts of the world.
c.
It refers to the high female-male ratio in developed and industrialized countries.
d.
It refers to the high male-female ratio in developed and industrialized countries.
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Q45 mcq
Which one of the following options correctly represents the simplest form of circulation of commodities in Karl Marx’s formulation of C-M-C?
a.
The transformation of commodities to money and the change of money back into commodities
b.
The circulation of money into the economy to change money and other resources to commodities
c.
The change of money into commodities and the commodities into money through the process of selling
d.
The transformation of capital into money and the consequent transformation of money to commodities through the process of production
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Q46 mcq
β€œThese colonial reports did not simply present descriptive accounts of the small- sized rural settlements spread across the subcontinent. They also attributed significant value and character to them. For example, the villages in Munro’s and Metcalfe’s writings had been stable systems for centuries and β€˜lasted when nothing else lasted.’” (Jodhka and Simpson eds., India’s Villages in the 21 st Century, 2019, p. 3) The above paragraph points to the colonial view of India’s villages as being ____________.
a.
sovereign and autonomous
b.
on the brink of capitalist integration
c.
characterized by a deep sense of egalitarianism
d.
characterized by localism, ignorance, and narrow-mindedness
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Q47 mcq
According to Max Weber in The Sociology of Religion, the development of religious traditions along monotheist or polytheist lines depended on which one of the following factors?
a.
The development of irrigation systems
b.
Revolutionary social change
c.
Religious conversion
d.
Calvinist ethic
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Q48 mcq
Consider the following statements about models of disability and choose the correct option: P) The β€˜medical model’ considers disability as a problem that can be fixed by medical intervention alone. Q) The β€˜social model’ focuses on altering social arrangements that marginalize atypical bodies.
a.
P is correct but Q is incorrect
b.
P is incorrect but Q is correct
c.
Both P and Q are correct
d.
Both P and Q are incorrect
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Q49 mcq
Match the sociologists in Column A with their theoretical concepts on caste in Column B and choose the correct option. Column A Column B P. CΓ©lestin BouglΓ© I. Sanskritization Q. McKim Marriott & II. Repulsion Ronald Inden R. M. N. Srinivas III. Purity-Pollution S. Louis Dumont IV. Dividual-Particle theory
a.
P-III; Q-I; R-II; S-IV
b.
P-II; Q-IV; R-I; S-III
c.
P-II; Q-IV; R-III; S-I
d.
P-IV; Q-II; R-III; S-I
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Q50 mcq
Which one of the following statements is true about the distinction between secularism and secularization as argued by T. N. Madan?
a.
Secularism refers to legal reforms, while secularization is about economic policy.
b.
Secularization is a descriptive sociological process, while secularism is a normative political doctrine.
c.
Secularization applies only to Western societies, while secularism is universal.
d.
Secularization is a form of religious revival, while secularism supports pluralism.
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Q51 mcq
Kani is tracing her family tree, and includes only her parents, grandparents, and children – those only directly related to her by descent. She excludes her siblings and cousins. In kinship terminology, what kind of kin is she focusing on?
a.
Unilateral descent
b.
Double descent
c.
Lineal descent
d.
Affinal descent
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Q52 mcq
Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly represent the term β€˜commercialization of agriculture’?
a.
A shift in the agrarian economy from production for consumption to production for the market
b.
A process whereby land becomes a commodity to be bought and sold in the market
c.
A process whereby community ownership of land is increased
d.
A shift to the cultivation of crops that have better market value
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Q53 mcq
Match the authors listed in Column A with their concepts as listed in Column B and choose the correct option.
Column Column
P. Karl Polanyi I. Calvinism
Q. Claude Levi-Strauss II. Substantive rationality
R. Max Weber III. Structuration
S. Anthony IV. Incest taboo
a.
P-III; Q-I; R-II; S-IV
b.
P-II; Q-III; R-I; S-IV
c.
P-III; Q-I; R-IV; S-II
d.
P-II; Q-IV; R-I; S-III
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Q54 mcq
Which one of the following statements reflects the concept of constitutional morality, as explained by B. R. Ambedkar?
a.
Legal and constitutional action must be grounded in socially accepted values and norms.
b.
The values espoused in the constitution must be the basis for legal and constitutional action, even if they contradict socially valued norms.
c.
Traditional social norms should not be the guiding principles for framing modern constitutional values, unless supported by a majority of the population.
d.
Ideas of redistributive social justice, as espoused in religious traditions, must inform constitutional values.
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Q55 mcq
In colonial census enumerations, which one of the following options was used as the clearest way to distinguish between tribes and non-tribes?
a.
Class
b.
Religion
c.
Kinship
d.
Household
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Q56 mcq
The term β€˜Hawthorne effect’ refers to _____________.
a.
changes in people’s behaviour directly resulting from their knowledge of being studied
b.
continued stability of people’s behaviour irrespective of their knowledge of being studied
c.
a study where improving factory conditions drastically changed production output
d.
changes in the behaviour of the researcher as a result of conducting a study
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Q57 msq
Which of the following is/are NOT the effect(s) of the Green Revolution?
a.
Emergence of egalitarian and sovereign agrarian communities
b.
Agrarian mobilizations
c.
Increase in soil fertility over time
d.
Increase in farmer indebtedness
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Q58 msq
Choose the option(s) that correctly interpret(s) Gilman’s metaphor of the corset as expressed in the excerpt below: β€œBut the person habitually wearing a corset does not feel these evils. They exist, assuredly, the facts are there, the body is not deceived; but the nerves have become accustomed to these disagreeable sensations, and no longer respond to them. The person does not feel it.” Gilman, C.P., Women and Economics, NY: Dover (1998 [1898]).
a.
Habitus
b.
Internalization
c.
Kinaesthetics
d.
Triangulation
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Q59 msq
Which of the following statements about E. Durkheim’s idea of β€˜collective effervescence’ is/are correct?
a.
It is strictly related to religious acts and excludes secular acts.
b.
It refers to everyday religious activities of the individual.
c.
It binds individuals to the larger community.
d.
It is a heightened emotional and bodily experience that individuals undergo by participating in a ritual.
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Q60 msq
According to Louis Dumont, the Sarjuparis in North India have a proverb that says that a father’s sister and brother’s daughter must not see the same lamp in the house i.e., a girl should not be married in the same house as her father’s sister. Which of the following kinship rules explain(s) this proverb?
a.
Cross-cousin marriage is barred.
b.
Uxorilocal marriage is barred.
c.
Exogamy is barred.
d.
Repetition of intermarriage in the same household and same direction is barred.
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Q61 msq
Which of the following statements correctly describe(s) the term β€˜statism’ in subaltern studies?
a.
Authorizing dominant values of the state to determine the criteria of history
b.
Ideology according to which history is determined by the life of the state
c.
Belief that history is static for the state
d.
Knowledge of the past is developed through voices from the margins
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Q62 msq
Which of the following statements illustrate(s) the β€˜field view’ of caste in Indian society?
a.
Sanskritization was a process of group mobility.
b.
Caste had little or no variation across regions.
c.
Caste system remained unchanged over centuries in India.
d.
The category of β€˜dominant caste’ challenged the distribution of power in the varna system.
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Q63 msq
Consider the following statement and choose the option(s) that correctly illustrate(s) the researcher’s disposition. A researcher ponders her own personality and temperament, her socialization and life experiences while conducting fieldwork.
a.
Positionality
b.
Reflexivity
c.
Positivity
d.
Objectivity
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Q64 msq
Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective focused on the frontstage and backstage of social interaction. Which of the following statements shed(s) light on aspect(s) of this dramaturgical perspective?
a.
Space plays a significant role in the management of performances and impressions.
b.
There is a play of multiple motives in the performance of impression management.
c.
Impression management functions in a manner that is devoid of any moral standards.
d.
Impression management shows the functioning of the self as character and performer.
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Q65 msq
Which of the following statements correctly reflect(s) the differences between open and closed systems of stratification, according to Dipankar Gupta?
a.
In open systems of stratification, difference is central, whereas in closed systems, hierarchy is central.
b.
In open systems of stratification, hierarchy is central, whereas in closed systems, difference is central.
c.
In closed systems of stratification, it is never the individual but the group that is the unit of social mobility.
d.
In open systems of stratification, it is always the group and never the individual that is the unit of social mobility.
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