If a map is placed in such a manner that east becomes southeast, then what will northeast become?
a.
North
b.
East
Correct Answer
c.
West
d.
South
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Rotating East to Southeast corresponds to a clockwise rotation of $45^\circ$. Rotating Northeast by $45^\circ$ clockwise results in East.
Q2mcq
$\sqrt[3]{0.99}$ is closest to
a.
0.33
b.
0.14
c.
0.99
Correct Answer
d.
0.45
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Using linear approximation, $\sqrt[3]{0.99} = (1 - 0.01)^{1/3} \approx 1 - \frac{0.01}{3} \approx 0.9967$, which is closest to 0.99 among the given choices.
Q3mcq
A 2 cm wide wooden strip is to be fixed on a photo of 40 cm × 30 cm size all along its four sides. What is the minimum length of the wooden strip required?
a.
124 cm
b.
128 cm
c.
132 cm
Correct Answer
d.
140 cm
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
When the 2 cm wide strip is placed on the photo of dimensions $40\text{ cm} \times 30\text{ cm}$, two opposite sides require strips of length $40\text{ cm}$ each, and the remaining two sides require strips of length $30 - 2(2) = 26\text{ cm}$ each to avoid overlap. The total length required is $2 \times 40 + 2 \times 26 = 80 + 52 = 132\text{ cm}$.
Q4mcq
A block of marble 5 m × 4 m × 2 m in size is cut into rectangular tiles of 1 m × 0.5 m size having thickness of 10 cm. Assuming 10% wastage in cutting, how many tiles will be made?
a.
240
b.
360
c.
480
d.
720
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The volume of the block is $5 \times 4 \times 2 = 40\text{ m}^3$. The volume of one tile is $1 \times 0.5 \times 0.1 = 0.05\text{ m}^3$. Without wastage, the number of tiles is $40 / 0.05 = 800$. With a 10% wastage, the number of tiles made is $800 \times (1 - 0.10) = 720$.
Q5mcq
A pilgrim starts walking for a journey of 115 km. On the first day he covers 7 km, the next day 9 km, and likewise keeps adding 2 km everyday till he reaches 15 km per day which he maintains for the rest of the journey. How many days in all will he take to complete the journey?
a.
7
b.
8
c.
9
Correct Answer
d.
10
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The daily distances for the first 5 days are 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 km, totaling $7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 = 55\text{ km}$. The remaining distance is $115 - 55 = 60\text{ km}$. At the maintained rate of 15 km per day, this takes $60 / 15 = 4$ days. The total number of days is $5 + 4 = 9$ days.
Q6mcq
The population of a town over the years 2000-2007 is shown in the given figure.
It can be inferred that during 2000-2007,
a.
the population increased linearly
b.
the rate of increase of the population increased linearly
Correct Answer
c.
the rate of increase of the rate of increase of the population increased linearly
d.
the population increased exponentially
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The successive year-over-year increases in population are: 400, 1200, 2000, 2800, 3600, 4400, and 5200. The second differences (the changes in the rate of increase) are constant at 800 per year, which means the rate of increase of the population increases linearly with time.
Q7mcq
The areas (in km²) under forests in four countries A, B, C and D for the years 2014 and 2024 are shown in the given bar chart:
The minimum percentage of deforestation during 2014-2024 was in country
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Percentage deforestation for each country is: Country A: $\frac{200 - 150}{200} = 25\%$; Country B: $\frac{400 - 325}{400} \approx 18.75\%$; Country C: $\frac{150 - 125}{150} \approx 16.7\%$; Country D: $\frac{600 - 550}{600} \approx 8.33\%$. The minimum percentage of deforestation is in country D.
Q8mcq
Average age of 20 students of a class is 10 years. Average age of these students together with their five teachers is 14. The age of Ramesh Sir, one of their five teachers, is exactly the same as the average age of all their five teachers. The sum of the ages (in years) of all the students and Ramesh Sir is
a.
214
b.
224
c.
230
Correct Answer
d.
241
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The sum of ages of the 20 students is $20 \times 10 = 200$ years. The sum of ages of all 25 individuals is $25 \times 14 = 350$ years. Thus, the total age of the 5 teachers is $350 - 200 = 150$ years, giving an average teacher age of $150 / 5 = 30$ years. Ramesh Sir's age is therefore 30 years, and the sum of ages of all the students and Ramesh Sir is $200 + 30 = 230$ years.
Q9mcq
What is the remainder when $2023^{2024} + 2025^{2024}$ is divided by 2024?
a.
0
b.
2
Correct Answer
c.
223
d.
2023
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Modulo 2024, $2023 \equiv -1$ and $2025 \equiv 1$. Thus, $2023^{2024} + 2025^{2024} \equiv (-1)^{2024} + (1)^{2024} = 1 + 1 = 2\pmod{2024}$. Hence, the remainder is 2.
Q10mcq
A fresh water tap fills a fish tank in 40 minutes. The same tank is filled by a salt water tap in 120 minutes. If both the taps are open, how many minutes will it take to fill the tank?
a.
45 minutes
b.
30 minutes
Correct Answer
c.
25 minutes
d.
20 minutes
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Combined filling rate is $\frac{1}{40} + \frac{1}{120} = \frac{3 + 1}{120} = \frac{4}{120} = \frac{1}{30}$ of the tank per minute. Therefore, both taps together take 30 minutes to fill the tank.
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If there is rainfall in a village, flowers will bloom. If flowers bloom, celebrations will definitely take place. Flowers did not bloom. Which of the following is certain?
a.
Celebrations took place
b.
Celebrations did not take place
c.
It did not rain
d.
It rained too much
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On a spherical balloon of 10 cm radius, a circular colour patch has an area of 25 cm². If the balloon is uniformly expanded to a sphere of 50 cm radius, the area of the colour patch in cm² would be
a.
125
b.
625
c.
50
d.
500
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A man on a cycle is travelling on a terrain whose height (h) vs distance (d) can be described by a function $10\,d^4 - 5d^2$ in a certain unit (h can be negative). Starting at d = 0, the cycle will have the maximum velocity without pedaling at:
a.
$d = 1/2$
b.
$d = 2$
c.
$d = 1$
d.
$d = \sqrt{2}$
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In a box there are 4 white balls and 6 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. If it is white, it is put back along with two more white balls in the box. If it is black, it is put back in the box and then two black balls are thrown out of the box. Now a ball is drawn again at random from the box. Then, what is the probability that it is black?
a.
$\frac{1}{2}$
b.
$\frac{1}{3}$
c.
$\frac{1}{4}$
d.
$\frac{1}{5}$
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An empty plastic mug floats in a bucket of water. When a solid iron ball is kept in the mug it doesn't sink. When the ball is put in the water it sinks. Compared to when the ball is in water, the water level in the bucket when the ball is in the mug is
a.
the same
b.
higher
c.
lower
d.
higher or lower depending on the surface area of the ball.
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In a sample, the number of atoms of a stable daughter isotope is three times the number of atoms of its radioactive parent. If the half-life of the parent isotope is 1.5 My, and if there were no atoms of the daughter isotope at the time of formation of the sample, then how old is the sample?
a.
1.5 Ma
b.
3.0 Ma
c.
4.5 Ma
d.
6.0 Ma
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_________ terminates downstream against a steep slope at the foot of which the stream that carved the valley disappears underground into a cave system.
a.
Beheaded valley
b.
Bolson
c.
Blind valley
d.
Hanging valley
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Which one of the following terms best describes genetically different interfertile populations within the same species formed as inheritable, permanent, and irreversible adaptations to the local environment?
a.
Ecotypes
b.
Ecotopes
c.
Ecads
d.
Ecotones
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The speed of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun, assuming a circular orbit, is about ________, given that the Sun-Earth distance is $150\times 10^9\text{ m}$.
a.
20 km/s
b.
30 km/s
c.
40 km/s
d.
50 km/s
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If 60000 nT is the magnitude of Earth's magnetic field at the geomagnetic North Pole, what will be its magnitude (in nT) at a height of 6371 km at the same location?
a.
60000
b.
30000
c.
15000
d.
7500
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If the density of the medium is doubled keeping all elastic constants unchanged, then the ratio of P wave velocity to the S wave velocity will become ________ the previous ratio.
a.
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\text{ times}$
b.
half of
c.
the same as
d.
twice
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The GPS derived ellipsoid height (h) and geoid undulation (N) at a location (A) in the Indian subcontinent are 250 m and -35.5 m, respectively. What would be the height of 'A' above the geoid?
a.
285.5 m
b.
214.5 m
c.
$- 285.5\text{ m}$
d.
$- 214.5\text{ m}$
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A flux-gate magnetometer installed at a geomagnetic observatory has recorded the following readings, what would be its location?
N-S component; 27,000 nT
E-W component; 18,000 nT
Vertical component; 40,000 nT
a.
North Pole
b.
Northern mid-latitude
c.
Southern mid-latitude
d.
South Pole
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What would be the centrifugal force due to rotation of the Earth experienced by an air parcel of mass 1 kg at the equator? (Given radius of the Earth is 6371 km)
a.
7 N
b.
0.5 N
c.
0.03 N
d.
0.006 N
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The pristine organic matter of marine origin has _____ C/N, and _____ $\delta^{13}\text{C}$, as compared to those of $\text{C}_4$ plant-derived terrestrial organic matter.
a.
lower, higher
b.
lower, lower
c.
higher, lower
d.
higher, higher
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What would be the slope of a linear regression line between concentrations of $\text{NO}_3^-$ (Y-axis) and $\text{PO}_4^{3-}$ (X-axis) in the global ocean?
a.
1
b.
6
c.
16
d.
24
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In the context of increasing $\text{CO}_2$ concentration and resultant 'Ocean Acidification', which one of the following group of organisms will be most affected in the marine environment?
a.
Fish
b.
Bivalve shellfish
c.
Squid
d.
Sea cucumber
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Ocean color monitoring-based phytoplankton pigments are used to identify potential fishing zones (PFZ). Which of the following satellites is used in the identification of PFZs?
a.
INSAT-3DR
b.
Oceansat 2
c.
SARAL-ALtiKa
d.
SCATSAT
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A rock contains 60% olivine, 30% clinopyroxene and 10% orthopyroxene by weight, and has 150 ppm of a trace element X. What would be the concentration of X in the melt after 10% equilibrium melting?
(Given: mineral-melt distribution coefficients of X for olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene are 0.006, 0.09 and 0.02, respectively)
a.
1160 ppm
b.
420 ppm
c.
11.6 ppm
d.
0.116 ppm
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Consider the following reaction involving zinc-chloride complex in a hydrothermal fluid.
$$\text{ZnCl}_n^{2-n} + \text{H}_2\text{S}_{(\text{aqueous})} \leftrightarrow \text{ZnS}_{(\text{solid})} + 2\text{H}^+ + n\text{Cl}^-$$
Which one of the following would NOT lead to precipitation of sphalerite?
a.
The fluid passes through a region where bacterial sulfate reduction is occurring.
b.
The fluid passes through limestone
c.
The fluid mixes with the groundwater with low Cl content
d.
The fluid mixes with brine.
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Arrange the following geological events in chronological order (oldest to youngest):
A. Evolution of Ediacaran Fauna
B. Deposition of Banded Iron Formations
C. Appearance of Planktic foraminifera
D. Appearance of Fish
E. Rajmahal Traps
Choose the correct option.
a.
A – E – B – D – C
b.
B – A – D – C – E
c.
A – B – C – D – E
d.
B – A – E – C – D
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A type of garnet ($\text{Mg}_3\text{Al}_2\text{Si}_3\text{O}_{12}$) has 160 atoms per unit cell. The structure of the garnet belongs to the space group Ia3d. The number of atoms in the motif are _____.
a.
20
b.
80
c.
160
d.
40
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Match the columns on the sequence stratigraphic events with surfaces.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column - 1 (Events)} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Column - 2 (Surfaces)} \\
\hline
A. & Onset of forced regression & P. & Maximum flooding surface \\
B. & End of forced regression & Q. & Correlative conformity \\
C. & End of normal regression & R. & Basal surface of forced regression \\
D. & End of transgression & S. & Maximum regressive surface \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A - R; B - Q; C - S; D - P
b.
A - Q; B - S; C - P; D - R
c.
A - R; B - S; C - Q; D - P
d.
A - P; B - Q; C - S; D - R
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Match the sedimentary features in Column - I with their depositional regimes in Column - II.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column - I (Features)} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Column - II (Depositional regime)} \\
\hline
A. & Double mud drapes & P & Aeolian \\
B. & Faceted pebble & Q & Tidal \\
C. & Epsilon cross-strata & R & Glacial \\
D. & Reverse graded cross-strata & S & Fluvial \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A - R; B - S; C - P; D - Q
b.
A - Q; B - R; C - S; D - P
c.
A - P; B - S; C - Q; D - R
d.
A - Q; B - S; C - R; D - P
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The given phase diagram represents a binary peritectic system at one atmospheric pressure. What are the degrees of freedom at points A, B, C, and D?
Choose the correct option.
a.
A - 3; B - 2; C - 0; D - 0
b.
A - 2; B - 1; C - 1; D - 0
c.
A - 3; B - 2; C - 1; D - 0
d.
A - 2; B - 1; C - 0; D - 0
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Consider the following statements (True or False) related to the Equilibrium Line (EL).
A. Net ablation generally increases down-glacier below the EL.
B. Net accumulation tends to increase up-glacier above the EL.
C. Net ablation generally increases up-glacier above the EL.
D. Net accumulation tends to increase down-glacier below the EL.
Choose the correct option.
a.
A and B are True.
b.
B and C are True.
c.
C and D are True.
d.
A and D are True.
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Consider the following statements (True or False).
A. Waves with limited swash and stronger backwash withdraw sand and shingle to the nearshore zone.
B. Waves with limited backwash and stronger swash withdraw sand and shingle to the nearshore zone.
C. With a strong swash and lesser backwash, waves move sand and shingle laterally along the beach.
D. With a strong backwash and weaker swash, waves move sand and shingle up the beach.
Choose the correct option.
a.
A and C are True.
b.
B and C are True.
c.
A and B are True.
d.
B and D are True.
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Identify the MISMATCHED pairs of geomorphic features.
A. Backswamp - Floodplain
B. Kame - Playa
C. Polje - Karst depression
D. Alveolus - Honeycomb weathering
E. Erg - River valley
F. Berm - Beach
Choose correct option
a.
A and E
b.
C and D
c.
E and F
d.
B and E
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Match the columns.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Column II} \\
\hline
A. & Pediment & E. & Streamlined wind-erosion forms \\
B. & Playa & F. & Predominantly wind deposited material dominated by silt \\
C. & Yardang & G. & A ridge or hill of sand deposited by wadi flow \\
D. & Loess & H. & At the base of a steep slope or mountain front \\
& & I. & Ephemeral lake in dryland \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option
a.
A - H, B - I, C - E, D - F
b.
A - H, B - F, C - E, D - I
c.
A - E, B - I, C - G, D - F
d.
A - G, B - I, C - H, D - E
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Consider the following statements about barchan dunes.
A. The horns of barchans point downwind, and barchans move in the downwind direction.
B. The horns of barchans point upwind, and barchans move in the upwind direction.
C. Barchans develop in areas of multidirectional winds and unlimited sand supply.
D. Barchans develop in areas of unidirectional winds and limited sand supply.
Choose the correct option.
a.
A and B are incorrect
b.
B and C are incorrect
c.
C and D are incorrect
d.
A and D are incorrect
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Statement A: High values of hypsometric integral indicate a relatively large proportion of land at high elevation within the basin.
Statement B: Basins in which stream channels have incised deep valleys, leaving extensive areas of relatively high elevation, have low hypsometric integrals.
Based on the above statements, choose the correct option.
a.
Both statements are incorrect.
b.
Statement A is incorrect, but Statement B is correct
c.
Statement A is correct, but Statement B is incorrect
d.
Both statements are correct
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Which one of the following criteria is followed by India Meteorological Department to measure the intensity of tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean?
a.
Estimated 3-minute maximum sustained winds
b.
Estimated 10-minute maximum sustained winds
c.
Estimated 3-second maximum wind gusts
d.
Estimated 10-second maximum wind gusts
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Match the columns.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{List-I} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{List-II} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{List-III} \\
\hline
A. & Chinook & P. & Rhone valley & X. & Hot dry wind associated with air flow from subtropical highs \\
B. & Harmattan & Q. & West Africa & Y. & Strong cold wind associated with regional low-pressure system \\
C. & Mistral & R. & Eastern slope of Rockies & Z. & Adiabatically warmed dry wind \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option
a.
A - R - Z; B - P - Y; C - Q - X
b.
A - R - X; B - Q - Z; C - P - Y
c.
A - R - Z; B - Q - X; C - P - Y
d.
A - P - Z; B - Q - X; C - R - Y
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Match the soil types (Column-I) and their characteristics (Column-II).
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column-I} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Column-II} \\
\hline
A. & Alfisols & P. & Highly weathered soils of the inter tropical regions \\
B. & Entisols & Q. & Recently formed soils \\
C. & Mollisols & R. & Grassland soils of steppes and prairies \\
D. & Oxisols & S. & High base status soils with argillic horizon \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A - S, B - Q, C - R, D - P
b.
A - R, B - Q, C - P, D - S
c.
A - S, B - P, C - R, D - Q
d.
A - P, B - S, C - Q, D - R
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Consider the following statements
A. At low pH, kaolinite's anion exchange capacity helps to reduce nitrogen loss from soils.
B. Phosphate availability is good in highly weathered soils.
C. Fixation of $\text{K}^+$ and $\text{NH}_4^+$ by high-charge smectites limits soil fertility.
D. Illite has a higher cation exchange capacity than smectite.
Choose the correct option.
a.
A and B are true; C and D are false
b.
A and C are true; B and D are false
c.
A, B and C are true; D is false
d.
B, C and D are true; A is false
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The above diagram presents different hypothetical biogeographic conditions in islands in the framework of Immigration-Extinction-Isolation-Area relationship.
Which one of the following conditions represents region A in the above figure?
a.
Low species richness, low endemicity and high turnover.
b.
Moderate to high species richness, low endemicity and low turnover
c.
Moderate to low species richness, low endemicity and high turnover
d.
Moderate to high species richness, high endemicity and low turnover
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Which of the following statements are NOT true about the UTM Grid co-ordinate of Sydney (33.8688°S, 151.0093°E)? (Given that Easting is 334368.63 and Northing is 6250948.35)
A. UTM zone for Sydney is 56
B. UTM band for Sydney is H
C. Sydney is located to the east of the zone central meridian
D. Distance of Sydney from the equator is 6250 km.
Choose the correct option.
a.
A and B are not true
b.
C and D are not true
c.
A and C are not true
d.
B and D are not true
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In a resistivity survey, a pair of current electrodes (C1 and C2) and a pair of potential electrodes (P1 and P2) are located along a profile line at the following coordinates: P1 at 0 m, C1 at 40 m, C2 at 60 m and P2 at 100 m. The geometrical factor (in m) for this array will be _______.
a.
60 $\pi$
b.
120 $\pi$
c.
180 $\pi$
d.
240 $\pi$
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Consider the following statements about the induced polarization method.
Statement I: Electrode polarization is caused by the change in the mobility of ions in the electrolyte and electrons in metallic minerals.
Statement II: The chargeability is a dimensionless quantity.
Choose the correct option.
a.
Both the statements are correct.
b.
Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.
c.
Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct.
d.
Both statements are incorrect
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Consider the following statements about data processing in Magneto Telluric (MT) method.
Statement I: The rotation of impedance tensor Z in MT method gives the strike of the subsurface structures.
Statement II: In MT method the quantity $Z_D=|Z_{xx}Z_{yy}-Z_{xy}Z_{yx}|$ is not variable with rotation.
Choose the correct option.
a.
Both statements are correct.
b.
Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.
c.
Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct.
d.
Both statements are incorrect.
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The strike of a subsurface 2D conductor lies in N-S direction in a survey area. For VLF electromagnetic survey, four transmitters A, B, C and D are available in North, East, South and West directions, respectively. Which pair of transmitters will be the most suitable for VLF electromagnetic measurement over this conductor?
a.
A and B
b.
A and C
c.
B and C
d.
B and D
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Zero-offset reflection seismic data are acquired over a subsurface consisting of a single dipping reflector with a true dip of 30 degrees. If the slope of the reflection event in the zero offset section is 0.5 s/km, the interval velocity above the reflector is _____ km/s.
a.
0.5
b.
1.5
c.
2
d.
2.5
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In a geophysical experiment dealing with two model parameters, the data set $d$ and Generalized matrix $G$ are given as:
$$G = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \quad d = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix}$$
Data resolution matrix for this case is _______.
Which one of the following is the Z-transform of unit step function $u(n) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{for } n \ge 0 \\ 0 & \text{for } n < 0 \end{cases}$ ?
a.
$\frac{z}{1-z}$
b.
$\frac{z}{z-1}$
c.
$\frac{z}{1+z}$
d.
$\frac{1}{1-z}$
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The value of a signal $f(x,y)$ at $(1, 0)$, $(2, 0)$ and $(3, 0)$ is obtained as $1$, $-1$, $2$, respectively. The value of first order numerical differentiation of this signal with respect to $x$ axis at $(2, 0)$ with minimum numerical error is:
a.
0.5
b.
3
c.
-2
d.
2
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Consider the following statements on Bouguer anomaly.
Statement-1: Bouguer gravity anomalies are typically negative over continental regions and generally positive over ocean basins.
Statement-2: The thicker continental crust exhibits a greater mass deficit relative to the reference ellipsoid, leading to negative Bouguer anomalies, while the thinner, denser, oceanic crust creates a relative mass excess, resulting in positive anomaly
Choose the correct option.
a.
Both statement-1 and statement-2 are true, and statement-2 is the correct explanation for statement-1.
b.
Both statement-1 and statement-2 are true, and statement-2 is not the correct explanation for statement-1.
c.
Statement-1 is true, but statement-2 is false.
d.
Statement-1 is false, but statement-2 is true.
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An aeromagnetic survey was conducted at different altitudes over a buried iron orebody. The maximum vertical magnetic anomaly recorded was 50 nT at a flight altitude of 1500 m above sea level, and 15 nT at 3000 m above sea level. Assuming that the orebody can be approximated as a vertical magnetic dipole with a magnetic susceptibility contrast of 0.03, what is the approximate depth of the orebody (to the nearest integer)?
a.
825 m
b.
1561 m
c.
3300 m
d.
4950 m
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In the Earth's magnetic field, the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) frequency of proton varies from approximately 900 Hz near the magnetic equator to 4.2 kHz near the geomagnetic poles. Assuming the gyromagnetic ratio of proton is 0.042576 Hz/nT, what would be the approximate average rate of change of Earth's magnetic field strength between these two locations?
a.
7.75 nT/m
b.
7.75 nT/km
c.
48. 69 nT/km
d.
48.69 nT/m
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The residual Bouguer gravity anomaly values at five different stations along a profile over a landfill are $-0.025\text{ mGal}$, $-0.125\text{ mGal}$, $-0.25\text{ mGal}$, $-0.15\text{ mGal}$, and $-0.003\text{ mGal}$. What would be the maximum thickness of the landfill assuming that the density contrast between the landfill and the bedrock is $300\text{ kg/m}^3$? (Given: $G = 6.6729\times 10^{-11}\text{ kg}^{-1}\cdot\text{m}^3\cdot\text{s}^{-2}$). (Roundoff to the nearest integer).
a.
2 m
b.
20 m
c.
200 m
d.
400 m
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An earthquake occurring at a depth of 10 km at 00 hr:00 min:00s generates a P-wave which arrives at a surface station at 00hr:00min:03s. Assuming the crust to be Poisson solid with a shear velocity of 3.0 km/s, the epicentral distance is _______ km. (Roundoff to the nearest integer).
a.
15
b.
14
c.
12
d.
10
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Consider the following statements on formation evaluation in petroleum exploration.
Statement-I: GR log and NGS log show high API values for a clean sandstone bed containing heavy minerals.
Statement-II: The clean sandstone bed contains shale.
Choose the correct option.
a.
Statement-I is true and statement-II is false.
b.
Statement-I is false and statement-II is true.
c.
Both statement-I and statement-II are true.
d.
Both statement-I and statement-II are false.
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Assuming the Rossby number is 0.27, and the wind field is circular, with wind speed of 12 m/s at a distance of 500 km from the center, what would be the magnitude of Coriolis parameter ($s^{-1}$)?
a.
$8.88 \times 10^{-6}$
b.
$8.88 \times 10^{-5}$
c.
$8.88 \times 10^{-4}$
d.
$8.88 \times 10^{-3}$
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What would be the phase speed of Rossby wave solution in the absence of background flow for a fluid of depth $\mathrm{H} = 10^4\text{ m}$, zonal wavelength $\mathrm{L} = 10^6\text{ m}$ (assuming zero meridional wavelength), meridional variation of Coriolis parameter $\beta = 10^{-11}\text{ m}^{-1}\text{ s}^{-1}$, acceleration due to gravity $\mathrm{g} = 9.8\text{ m/s}^2$?
a.
$0.253\text{ m/s}$
b.
$- 0.253\text{ m/s}$
c.
$2.53\text{ m/s}$
d.
$- 2.53\text{ m/s}$
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A satellite sensor observes an outgoing radiance of $10\text{ W/m}^2/\text{Sr}/\mu\text{m}$ at a wavelength of $10\ \mu\text{m}$ in the thermal infrared region. What is the approximate brightness temperature of the emitting surface, given the Planck function
$$B_\lambda(\lambda, T) = \frac{2hc^2}{\lambda^5} \frac{1}{\exp\left(\frac{hc}{\lambda kT}\right) - 1}$$
$B_\lambda(\lambda, T)$ is the spectral radiance with respect to wavelength ($\lambda$) in units of $\text{W/m}^2/\text{Sr/m}$?
$h = \text{Planck's constant} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}\text{ Js}$
$c = \text{Speed of light} = 3.0 \times 10^8\text{ m/s}$
$k = \text{Boltzmann constant} = 1.381 \times 10^{-23}\text{ J/K}$
$\lambda = \text{Wavelength in m}$
$T = \text{Absolute temperature in K}$
a.
350 K
b.
320 K
c.
290 K
d.
300 K
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Match the columns.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I- Stability condition} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column II- Meteorological Scenario} \\
\hline
A. & Absolutely Unstable & I. & A moist layer overlying a dry surface with CAPE present \\
\hline
B. & Conditionally Unstable & II. & Cloudy skies with consistent mechanical turbulence \\
\hline
C. & Neutral & III. & A hot summer afternoon with strong surface heating \\
\hline
D. & Absolutely Stable & IV. & A winter morning with a surface-based radiation inversion \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
b.
A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
c.
A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
d.
A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
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Match the columns on atmospheric data filtering.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I (Application)} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column II (Filters)} \\
\hline
A. & Hydrostatic balance & P. & Gravity waves \\
\hline
B. & Assign the time derivative of horizontal divergence to zero & Q. & Vertically propagating sound waves \\
\hline
& & R. & Horizontally propagating sound waves \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option
a.
A-Q; B-P
b.
A-R; B-P
c.
A-P; B-Q
d.
A-P; B-R
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Match the columns on atmospheric numerical modelling.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I (Solution Method)} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column II (Application)} \\
\hline
A. & Relaxation method & P. & One dimensional linear advection equation \\
\hline
B. & Explicit time differencing method & Q. & Laplace equation \\
\hline
C. & Successive Correction method & R. & Objective analysis \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option
a.
A-P; B-R; C-Q
b.
A-Q; B-P; C-R
c.
A-R; B-P; C-Q
d.
A-Q; B-R; C-P
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Statement A: Raoult's law is invoked to derive Kelvin's equation
Statement B: In a mixed cloud, ice particles grow at the expense of supercooled water droplets, only if the temperature of the cloud is above the triple point temperature of water.
From the given statements, choose the correct option.
a.
statement A is correct, statement B is incorrect
b.
statement A is incorrect, statement B is correct
c.
both statements A and B are correct
d.
both statements A and B are incorrect
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What would be the saturation vapor pressure ($e_s$) at $10^\circ\mathrm{C}$, if $e_s$ at $0^\circ\mathrm{C}$ is 611 Pa? (latent heat of vaporization, $L_v = 2.5 \times 10^6\text{ J/kg}$; Specific gas constant for water vapor, $R_v = 461\text{ J/kg/K}$)
a.
950 Pa
b.
1100 Pa
c.
1232 Pa
d.
1360 Pa
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A dry air parcel at pressure level of 850 hPa has a temperature of $30^\circ\mathrm{C}$. What would be its temperature if it is brought adiabatically to 1000 hPa?
(Specific gas constant for dry air, $\mathrm{R}_d = 287\text{ J/kg/K}$, specific heat of dry air at constant pressure ($\mathrm{C}_p$) = $1005\text{ J/kg/K}$)
a.
298 K
b.
318 K
c.
328 K
d.
308 K
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Refer to the given diagram. Assuming the horizontal distance between two geopotential height contours on 500 hPa pressure-surface is 150 m, and Coriolis parameter is $10^{-4}s^{-1}$, where would you expect the difference between the speeds of the actual wind and the geostrophic wind to be the largest?
[Diagram showing an isobaric wave pattern with points A at the ridge crest, B in the inflection zone, C in the downstream inflection zone, and D at the trough axis.]
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
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Match the columns on Tropical Cyclones (TC).
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column I (TC features)} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Column II (Reason)} \\
\hline
A & TC moves poleward & P & Conditional instability of second kind \\
\hline
B & Rapid intensification of TC & Q & Penetrative convection \\
\hline
C & TC forms over region of weak vertical wind shear & R & Conservation of absolute vorticity \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
a.
A -- P; B -- Q; C -- R
b.
A -- Q; B -- R; C -- P
c.
A -- R; B -- P; C -- Q
d.
A -- P; B -- R; C -- Q
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Statement- A: Launching a satellite into a polar orbit requires a smaller launch vehicle as compared to that required to launch the same payload into a near-equatorial west to east orbit to the same altitude.
Statement-B: The angle of the Sun's rays on the Earth's surface remains constant for each satellite pass in a sun-synchronous orbit.
Based on the above statements, choose the correct option.
a.
statement A is correct; statement B is incorrect
b.
statement A is incorrect; statement B is correct
c.
both statement A and statement B are correct
d.
both statement A and statement B are incorrect
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Statement A: Illite dominates the clays in the surface sediments of the northwestern Bay of Bengal, whereas smectite content is comparatively high in the southwestern Bay of Bengal.
Statement B: The catchment of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers is mainly the Himalayas, whereas Krishna and Cauvery drain through the Peninsular India.
Based on the above statements, which of the following is correct?
a.
Both A and B are incorrect.
b.
A is correct and B is incorrect.
c.
Both A and B are correct, and B explains A.
d.
Both A and B are correct, but B does not explain A.
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Match the following chronological tools with their age estimation suitability.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Chronological Tool} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Age Limit} \\
\hline
A. & Radiocarbon & I. & Ordovician to Triassic \\
\hline
B. & $\delta^{18}\text{O}$ of foraminifera & II. & Phanerozoic \\
\hline
C. & Biostratigraphy & III. & < 50,000 years \\
\hline
D. & Conodonts & IV. & Pliocene-Pleistocene \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A -- III; B -- I; C -- IV; D -- II
b.
A -- II; B -- IV; C -- III; D -- I
c.
A -- III; B -- IV; C -- II; D -- I
d.
A -- IV; B -- III; C -- I; D -- II
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Statement-A: \textit{Globigerinoides ruber} is a mixed layer dweller, whereas \textit{Neogloboquadrina dutertrei} thrives in thermocline waters.
Statement-B: The difference in shell composition of \textit{G. ruber} and \textit{N. dutertrei} is a proxy to reconstruct changes in water column stratification.
Based on the above statements, which of the following is correct?
a.
Both A and B are correct, but A does not explain B.
b.
Both A and B are incorrect.
c.
A is correct and B is incorrect.
d.
Both A and B are correct, and A explains B.
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Statement A: The global sea level was ~100 m higher during the Last Glacial Maximum, as compared to present.
Statement B: $\delta^{18}\mathrm{O}$ of foraminifera was lower by ~1.0‰ during the Meghalayan Stage as compared to that during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Based on the above two statements, choose the correct option.
a.
A is incorrect and B is correct.
b.
Both A and B are correct.
c.
Both A and B are incorrect.
d.
A is correct and B is incorrect.
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What is the mixed layer cooling of an ocean in 10-days whose surface net heat flux is $-50\text{ W/m}^2$, with a mixed layer depth of 50 m?
(Given: the density of water is $1000\text{ kg/m}^3$, specific heat capacity is $4000\text{ J/kg/K}$, and one day is equal to $10^5\text{ seconds}$)
a.
$- 2.5^\circ\text{C}$
b.
$- 1.5^\circ\text{C}$
c.
$- 0.15^\circ\text{C}$
d.
$- 0.25^\circ\text{C}$
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In the given diagram the values are depth-averaged currents in the ocean of $100\text{ km} \times 100\text{ km}$ dimension. What is the rate of convergence to be added to make the flow geostrophic?
a.
$3 \times 10^{-5}\text{ s}^{-1}$
b.
$-3 \times 10^{-5}\text{ s}^{-1}$
c.
$0.3 \times 10^{-5}\text{ s}^{-1}$
d.
$-0.3 \times 10^{-5}\text{ s}^{-1}$
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Match the columns on ocean currents.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \textbf{Column-I} & & \textbf{Column-II} \\
\hline
A & Somali Current & P & Seasonally reversing \\
B & West India Coastal Current & Q & Eastward \\
C & Winter monsoon Current & S & Western boundary current \\
D & Wyrtki Jet & S & Westward \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A-R, B-Q, C-P, D-S
b.
A-R, B-P, C-S, D-Q
c.
A-Q, B-P, C-R, D-S
d.
A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S
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Match the columns for the contemporary ocean.
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
& \textbf{Column-I} & & \textbf{Column-II} & & \textbf{Column-III} \\
\hline
A. & Respiration & X & Increases & P. & Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) \\
B. & Primary Production & & & Q. & Alkalinity \\
C. & Biogenic carbonate production & Y & Decreases & R. & Acidification \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Choose the correct option.
a.
A-Y-Q, B-X-P, C-Y-R
b.
A-X-R, B-X-Q, C-Y-P
c.
A-X-P, B-Y-Q, C-X-R
d.
A-X-P, B-X-Q, C-Y-R
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A. Sodium is more abundant in seawater than calcium, while reverse is true for rivers
R. Calcium is used to form shells of marine organisms, while sodium remains largely unused.
Based on the above statements (A & R), which one of the following is CORRECT?
a.
Both A and R are true; R explains A
b.
Both A and R are true; R doesn't explain A
c.
A is true and R is false
d.
A is false, but R is true
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Arrange the following phytoplankton pigments in order of their decreasing abundance in the marine environment.
Chlorophyll-a (I), Zeaxanthin (II), Lutein (III), Beta Carotene (IV)
Choose the correct option.
a.
I, II, III, IV
b.
I, IV, II, III
c.
IV, I, III, II
d.
IV, III, I, II
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