Which of the following pairs has the highest difference in their first ionization energy?
a.
$\text{Xe}, \text{Cs}$
b.
$\text{Kr}, \text{Rb}$
c.
$\text{Ar}, \text{K}$
d.
$\text{Ne}, \text{Na}$
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Noble gases have very high first ionization energies, while alkali metals have very low first ionization energies. Across the periods from top to bottom, ionization energy decreases. The difference $\Delta IE = IE_1(\text{noble gas}) - IE_1(\text{alkali metal})$ is highest for the pair with the smallest principal quantum number, which is $\text{Ne}$ ($IE_1 = 2080.7\text{ kJ/mol}$) and $\text{Na}$ ($IE_1 = 495.8\text{ kJ/mol}$), giving $\Delta IE \approx 1585\text{ kJ/mol}$, which is significantly greater than for the other pairs.
Q22mcq
The ligand in uranocene is:
a.
$\text{C}_8\text{H}_8^{2-}$
Correct Answer
b.
$\text{C}_5\text{H}_5^{2-}$
c.
$\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$
d.
$\text{C}_4\text{H}_4^{2-}$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Uranocene is the organouranium compound with the formula $\text{U}(\text{C}_8\text{H}_8)_2$. It is a sandwich complex comprising a uranium atom sandwiched between two cyclooctatetraenide dianions, $\text{C}_8\text{H}_8^{2-}$ (COT$^{2-}$), each donating $10\pi$ electrons.
Q23mcq
In metal-olefin interaction, the extent of increase in metal $\rightarrow$ olefin $\pi-\text{back}-\text{donation}$ would
a.
lead to a decrease in $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond length
b.
change the formal oxidation state of the metal
c.
change the hybridisation of the olefin carbon from $\text{sp}^2$ to $\text{sp}^3$.
Correct Answer
d.
increase with the presence of electron donating substituent on the olefin.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
According to the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model, metal-to-olefin $\pi$-back-donation populates the $\text{C}=\text{C}$ $\pi^*$ antibonding orbital. In the limit of strong $\pi$-back-donation, the complex is best described as a metallacyclopropane, where the $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bond order decreases toward a single bond and the hybridization of the olefinic carbons shifts from $\text{sp}^2$ toward $\text{sp}^3$.
Q24mcq
The oxidation state of molybdenum in $\left[(\eta^7-\text{tropylium})\text{Mo}(\text{CO})_3\right]^+$ is :
a.
$+2$
b.
$+1$
c.
$0$
Correct Answer
d.
$-1$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In the neutral counting method: $\text{Mo}$ contributes $x$ valence electrons; the $\eta^7$-tropylium cation ($\text{C}_7\text{H}_7^+$) can be treated using the ionic model where tropylium is a cation $(\text{C}_7\text{H}_7^+)$ donating 6 electrons, and $\text{CO}$ ligands are neutral donating 2 electrons each. With a total complex charge of $+1$: $\text{Mo}^{n+} + (\text{C}_7\text{H}_7^+) + 3(\text{CO}) = +1 \implies n + 1 + 0 = +1 \implies n = 0$. Alternatively, treating the tropylium ring as a monoanion $\text{C}_7\text{H}_7^-$ or a neutral radical, both methods yield an oxidation state of 0 for molybdenum.
Q25mcq
The reaction of $\left[\text{PtCl}_4\right]^{2-}$ with two equivalents of $\text{NH}_3$ produces
Due to the trans effect, chloride ($\text{Cl}^-$) has a stronger trans-directing effect than ammonia ($\text{NH}_3$). In the first substitution step, one $\text{Cl}^-$ is replaced by $\text{NH}_3$ to form $[\text{PtCl}_3(\text{NH}_3)]^-$. In the second step, the incoming $\text{NH}_3$ ligand is directed to substitute a chloride trans to another chloride (since $\text{Cl}^-$ has a higher trans influence/effect than $\text{NH}_3$). This produces $\text{cis}-[\text{Pt}(\text{NH}_3)_2\text{Cl}_2]$ (cisplatin).
Q26mcq
The electronic transition responsible for the color of the transition metal ions is
In an octahedral transition metal complex, the $d$-orbitals split into $t_{2g}$ and $e_g^*$ sets. The $t_{2g}$ orbitals ($d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{xz}$) are essentially non-bonding or weakly $\pi$-bonding ($d_\pi$), while the $e_g^*$ orbitals ($d_{z^2}, d_{x^2-y^2}$) are $\sigma$-antibonding ($d_{\sigma^*}$). Thus, typical $d-d$ transitions responsible for color correspond to $t_{2g} \rightarrow e_g^*$, which is a $d_\pi \rightarrow d_{\sigma^*}$ transition.
Q27mcq
The number of metal-metal bonds in $\left[\text{W}_2(\text{OPh})_6\right]$ is:
a.
$1$
b.
$2$
c.
$3$
Correct Answer
d.
$4$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In $[\text{W}_2(\text{OPh})_6]$, the phenoxide ligands are monodentate monoanionic ligands ($-\text{OPh}$), so the oxidation state of tungsten is $+3$ ($d^3$ configuration, since $\text{W}$ is in Group 6). For two $\text{W}(\text{III})$ centers, there are $3 + 3 = 6$ metal valence electrons available to form metal-metal bonds. These 6 electrons completely fill the bonding molecular orbitals ($\sigma^2\pi^4$), resulting in a metal-metal triple bond (bond order = 3).
Q28mcq
The Mulliken symbols for the spectroscopic states arising from the free-ion term $\text{F}$ are
In an octahedral ligand field ($O_h$), a free-ion term with orbital angular momentum $L = 3$ (an $F$ term, which has $2L+1 = 7$-fold orbital degeneracy) splits into three states: $A_{2g}$ (1-fold), $T_{2g}$ (3-fold), and $T_{1g}$ (3-fold). Therefore, the resulting Mulliken symbols are $T_{1g} + T_{2g} + A_{2g}$.
Q29mcq
Which of the following is used as propellant for whipping creams?
a.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}$
Correct Answer
b.
$\text{NO}$
c.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_3$
d.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_5$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Nitrous oxide ($\text{N}_2\text{O}$), also known as laughing gas, is widely used as an aerosol propellant in whipped cream dispensers. It is non-toxic, bacteriostatic, and easily dissolves into fats under pressure, foaming upon release.
Flame-retardant (or flame-proof) fabrics often contain urea phosphate, $\text{H}_2\text{NC}(\text{O})\text{NH}_2\cdot\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$. Upon heating, it decomposes to form polyphosphoric acids that promote char formation and release non-combustible gases, thereby inhibiting flame propagation.
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For neutron activation analysis of an element, the favourable characteristics of both the target and the product are from the following
(A) high neutron cross-section area of target
(B) long half-life of the product
(C) low neutron cross-section area of target
(D) low half-life time of the product.
The correct characteristics from the above are
a.
A and B
b.
C and D
c.
B and C
d.
A and D
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The concentrations of a species $\text{A}$ undergoing the reaction $\text{A} \rightarrow \text{P}$ is $1.0, 0.5, 0.33, 0.25 \text{ mol dm}^{-3}$ at $\text{t} = 0, 1, 2$ and $3\text{ seconds}$, respectively. The order of the reaction is:
a.
two
b.
one
c.
zero
d.
three
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The difference in energy levels of $\text{n} = 2$ and $\text{n} = 1$ of a particle -in - a one dimensional box is $6\text{ units}$ of energy. In the same units, what is the difference in energy levels of $\text{n} = 3$ and $\text{n} = 2$ for the above system?
a.
4
b.
5
c.
9
d.
10
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The wave function $\psi$ of a certain system is the linear combination
$$\psi = \sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}\psi_1 + \sqrt{\frac{3}{4}}\psi_2$$
where $\psi_1$ and $\psi_2$ are energy eigen functions with eigen values (non-degenerate) $\text{E}_1$ and $\text{E}_2$, respectively. What is the probability that the system energy will be observed to be $\text{E}_1$?
a.
$\sqrt{\frac{3}{16}}$
b.
$\frac{3}{4}$
c.
$\frac{1}{4}$
d.
$\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}$
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A molecules contains the following symmetry operations: $\text{E}, 2\text{C}_6, 2\text{C}_3, \text{C}_2, 3\sigma_d, 3\sigma_v$. The number of classes and order of the symmetry point group is:
a.
$3, 12$
b.
$5, 12$
c.
$6, 12$
d.
$6, 6$
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In NMR spectroscopy, the product of the nuclear 'g' factor ($\text{g}_\text{N}$), the nuclear magneton ($\beta_\text{N}$) and the magnetic field strength ($\text{B}_0$) gives the
a.
energy of transition from $\alpha$ to $\beta$ state
b.
chemical shift
c.
spin-spin coupling constant
d.
magnetogyric ratio
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An aqueous mixed solution of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ and $\mathrm{HCl}$ is exactly neutralized by an aqueous $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution. The number of components in the final mixture is
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
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A chemical reaction involving $\text{nonlinear molecule} + \text{nonlinear molecule} \rightleftharpoons \text{nonlinear activated complex}$
The number of vibrational degrees of freedom in the activated complex, containing $\mathrm{N}$ atoms, is
a.
$3\mathrm{N}-5$
b.
$3\mathrm{N}-6$
c.
$3\mathrm{N}-7$
d.
$3\mathrm{N}-8$
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If the concentration (c) is increased to 4 times its original value (c), the change in molar conductivity for strong electrolytes is (where b is Kohlrausch constant)
a.
0
b.
$b\sqrt{c}$
c.
$2b\sqrt{c}$
d.
$4b\sqrt{c}$
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Match the following drugs with their medicinal activity:
(A) 5-fluorouracil
(B) amoxicillin
(i) anti-bacterial
(ii) cholesterol lowering
(iii) anticancer
(iv) anti-inflammatory
a.
A-i, B-ii
b.
A-iv, B-iii
c.
A-iii, B-iv
d.
A-iii, B-i
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A radioisotope $^{41}\text{Ar}$ initially decays at the rate of $34,500\text{ disintegrations/minute}$, but decay rate falls to $21,500\text{ disintegrations/minute}$ after $75\text{ minutes}$. The $t_{1/2}$ for $^{41}\text{Ar}$ is:
a.
$90\text{ minutes}$
b.
$110\text{ minutes}$
c.
$180\text{ minutes}$
d.
$220\text{ minuts.}$
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The orders of reactivity of ligands, $\text{NMe}_3$, $\text{PMe}_3$ and $\text{CO}$ with complexes $\text{MeTiCl}_3$ and $(\text{CO})_5\text{Mo}(\text{thf})$ are
Which of the pairs will generally result in tetrahedral coordination complexes, when ligands are $\text{Cl}^-$ or $\text{OH}^-$
(A) $\text{Be(II)}, \text{Ba(II)}$
(B) $\text{Ba(II)}, \text{Co(II)}$
(C) $\text{Co(II)}, \text{Zn(II)}$
(D) $\text{Be(II)}, \text{Zn(II)}$
a.
A and B
b.
B and C
c.
C and D
d.
A and D
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Silica gel contains $[\text{CoCl}_4]^{2-}$ as an indicator. When activated, silica gel becomes dark blue while upon absorption of moisture, its colour changes to pale pink. This is because,
a.
$\text{Co(II)}$ changes its coordination from tetrahedral to octahedral.
b.
$\text{Co(II)}$ changes its oxidation state to $\text{Co(III)}$
c.
Tetrahedral crystal field splitting is NOT equal to octahedral crystal field splitting.
d.
$\text{Co(II)}$ forms kinetically labile while $\text{Co(III)}$ forms kinetically inert complexes.
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Electron change in reduction of $\text{Ce}(\text{SO}_4)_2$, $\text{KMnO}_4$, $\text{HNO}_2$ and $\text{I}_2$ with hydrazine in acidic medium, respectively is
a.
1e, 1e, 2e and 4e
b.
1e, 3e, 2e and 4e
c.
2e, 3e, 1e and 4e
d.
2e, 4e, 1e and 3e
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Among the oxides of nitrogen, $\text{N}_2\text{O}_3$, $\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$ and $\text{N}_2\text{O}_5$, the compound(s) having $\text{N}-\text{N}$ bond is/are
a.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$ and $\text{N}_2\text{O}_5$
b.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_3$ and $\text{N}_2\text{O}_5$
c.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_3$ and $\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$
d.
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_5$ only
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Though cyclobutadiene ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_4$) is highly unstable and readily polymerizes in its free state, its transition metal complexes could be isolated because
a.
it engages in long-range interaction with transition metals.
b.
it gains stability due to formation of $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4^{2-}$ on binding to transition metals.
c.
its polymerization ability reduces in presence of transition metal.
d.
it becomes stable in presence of transition metals due to formation of $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4^{2+}$.
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Identify the order representing increasing $\pi$-acidity of the following ligands
$\text{C}_2\text{F}_4$, $\text{NEt}_3$, $\text{CO}$ and $\text{C}_2\text{H}_4$
Three bands in the electronic spectrum of $[\text{Cr}(\text{NH}_3)_6]^{3+}$ are due to the following transitions
(A) $^4\text{A}_{2\text{g}} \rightarrow {}^4\text{T}_{1\text{g}}$
(B) $^4\text{A}_{2\text{g}} \rightarrow {}^4\text{T}_{2\text{g}}$
(C) $^4\text{A}_{2\text{g}} \rightarrow {}^2\text{E}_{\text{g}}$
Identify the correct statement about them
a.
Intensity of (A) is lowest
b.
Intensity of (C) is lowest
c.
Intensitites of (A), (B) and (C) are similar
d.
Intensities of (B) and (C) are similar
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Identify the pairs in which the covalent radii of elements are almost similar
(A) $\text{Nb}$, $\text{Ta}$
(B) $\text{Mo}$, $\text{W}$
(C) $\text{La}$, $\text{Lu}$
(D) $\text{Sc}$, $\text{Y}$
a.
A and B only
b.
A and C only
c.
B and C only
d.
A, B and C only
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Consider following lanthanide (III) ions
(A) $\text{Nd}(\text{III})$
(B) $\text{Gd}(\text{III})$
(C) $\text{Dy}(\text{III})$
The magnetic moment closest to the spin only value is(are) for
a.
B only
b.
A and B only
c.
A and C only
d.
B and C only
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The $\Delta_{\text{t}}$ of the following complexes
(A) $[\text{CoCl}_4]^{2-}$
(B) $[\text{CoBr}_4]^{2-}$
(C) $[\text{Co}(\text{NCS})_4]^{2-}$ follows the order
a.
$\text{C} > \text{A} > \text{B}$
b.
$\text{A} > \text{B} > \text{C}$
c.
$\text{B} > \text{A} > \text{C}$
d.
$\text{C} > \text{B} > \text{A}$
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In complexometric titration
$$\text{S}(\text{substrate}) + \text{T}(\text{titrant}) \rightarrow \text{P}(\text{product})$$
The end point is estimated spectrophotometrically. If $\text{S}$ and $\text{P}$ have $\varepsilon = 0$, the shape of the titration curve would look like
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Distribution ratio of 'A' between $\text{CHCl}_3$ and water is $9.0$. It is extracted with several, $5\text{ mL}$ aliquots of $\text{CHCl}_3$. The number of aliquots needed to extract $99.9\%$ of 'A' from its $5\text{ mL}$ aqueous solution are
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
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The rate equation for the reaction $2\text{AB} + \text{B}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{ AB}_2$ is given by
$$\text{rate} = k[\text{AB}][\text{B}_2]$$
A possible mechanism consistent with this rate law is
Observe the following statements
(I) In the $\text{H}_2-\text{O}_2$ reaction, explosion occurs when the rate of chain branching exceeds that of chain termination.
(II) The order of the reaction, $n\text{A} \rightarrow \text{products}$, is $2.5$. For this reaction, $t_{1/2} \propto [\text{A}]_0^{-3/2}$
(III) Unimolecular gas phase reactions are second order at low pressure but becomes first order at high pressure.
Which of the following is correct?
a.
I, II and III are correct
b.
Only II is correct
c.
Only III is correct
d.
I and II are correct.
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For the particle-in-a-box problem in $(0,\text{L})$ an approximate wave function is given as $x(\text{L}/2-x)(\text{L}-x)$. The average energy $\bar{\text{E}}$ for such a state will obey
For two variables x and y, the following data set is given:
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
x & y \\
\hline
-1 & 1 \\
0 & 2 \\
1 & 3 \\
\hline
\end{array}$$
The correct statement for the covariance A and correlation coefficient B of x and y is
a.
$\text{A} = 2/3, \text{B} = 1$
b.
$\text{A} = -2/3, \text{B} = 1$
c.
$\text{A} = -2/3, \text{B} = -1$
d.
$\text{A} = 0, \text{B} = 0$
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The hydrogenic orbital with the form of the radial function
$$r^2 (\alpha_1 - r)(\alpha_2 - r)\exp[-\beta r], \text{ where } \alpha_1, \alpha_2 \text{ and } \beta$$
are constants, may be identified as a
a.
3d orbital
b.
4f orbital
c.
5d orbital
d.
5f orbital
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On mixing $120\text{ ml}$ of $0.05\text{ M } \text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ and $40\text{ ml}$ of $0.05\text{ M}$ of $\text{NaOH}$, the $\text{pH}$ of the solution is ($\text{pK}_\text{a} = -\log \text{K}_\text{a}$)
a.
$\text{pK}_\text{a} + 0.69$
b.
$\text{pK}_\text{a} + 0.301$
c.
$\text{pK}_\text{a}$
d.
$\text{pK}_\text{a} - 0.69$
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A system consists of gaseous $\text{H}_2$, $\text{O}_2$, $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ and $\text{CO}_2$ where the amount of $\text{CO}_2$ is specified and the equilibrium constant for the reaction $2\text{H}_2(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g})$ is known. The number of degrees of freedom of the system is
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
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An AX system gave 4 lines at $4.72$, $4.6$, $1.12$ and $1.0\text{ ppm}$ away from the TMS using an nmr spectrometer operating at $100\text{ MHz}$. What are the values of $\text{J}_{\text{AX}}$ (in Hz) and $\delta_{\text{AX}}$ (in ppm), respectively
a.
12 and 3.6
b.
6 and 3.6
c.
12 and 2.86
d.
6 and 2.86
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The equilibrium population ratio $(\text{n}_\text{j} / \text{n}_\text{i})$ of a doubly-degenerate energy level $(\text{E}_\text{j})$ lying at energy 2 units higher than a lower non-degenerate energy level $(\text{E}_\text{i})$, assuming $\text{k}_\text{B}\text{T} = 1\text{ unit}$, will be
a.
$2\text{e}^{-2}$
b.
$2\text{e}^2$
c.
$\text{e}^2$
d.
$\text{e}^{-2}$
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Identify, from the following, the correct ionic strengths for (A) $0.01\text{ molal}$ solution of $\text{NaCl}$ and (B) a $0.01\text{ molal}$ solution of $\text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4$.
In the formation of $\text{H}_2$ molecules from $2\text{H}$ atoms placed at positions $\text{A}$ and $\text{B}$, and separated by a distance $\text{r}_\text{AB}$, a part of the spatial wave function is
$$\Phi_\text{A}(1)\phi_\text{A}(2) + \phi_\text{B}(1)\phi_\text{B}(2)$$
a.
This is a covalent term and is important as $\text{r}_\text{AB} \rightarrow \infty$
b.
This is an ionic term and is important as $\text{r}_\text{AB} \rightarrow \infty$
c.
This is a covalent term and is important as $\text{r}_\text{AB} \rightarrow 0$
d.
This is an ionic term and is important as $\text{r}_\text{AB} \rightarrow 0$
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A $0.1\text{ M}$ solution of compound A shows $50\%$ transmittance when a cell of $1\text{ cm}$ width is used at $\lambda_1\text{ nm}$. Another $0.1\text{ M}$ solution of compound B gives the optical density value of $0.1761$ using $1\text{cm}$ cell at $\lambda_1\text{ nm}$.
What will be the transmittance of a solution that is simultaneously $0.1\text{ M}$ in A and $0.1\text{ M}$ in B using the same cell and at the same wave length?
$[\log 20 = 1.301; \log 30 = 1.4771; \log 50 = 1.699]$
a.
$33.3\%$
b.
$50\%$
c.
$66.7\%$
d.
$70\%$
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Using standard equation for intrinsic viscosity $[\eta] = \mathrm{K} \ \overline{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{a}}$, for a solution of polymer and any information from the graph identify viscosity average molar mass $(\overline{\mathrm{M}})$ [given that $\mathrm{a} = 0.5$, $\mathrm{K} = 5\times10^{-5}\text{ L g}^{-1}$]
a.
$10^3\text{ g/mol}$
b.
$10^4\text{ g/mol}$
c.
$10^5\text{ g/mol}$
d.
$10^6\text{ g/mol}$
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$\alpha$-Pinene on reaction with dilute alkaline $\text{KMnO}_4$ produces a diol, which on further oxidation with chromium trioxide gives product A, which undergoes a positive haloform test. The compound A is
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Consider the following reaction sequence The overall yield for the formation of p-hydroxyacetanilide and o-hydroxyacetanilides from phenol, respectively, are approximately
a.
57 and 20%
b.
57 and 68%
c.
83 and 68%
d.
83 and 20%
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Reaction of (S)-1, 2, 4-butanetriol with benzaldehyde in the presence of catalytic amount of p-TSA furnished the major product A. The structure of A is
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