In the reactions (A) and (B),
$$n\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Cl}^- \longrightarrow [\text{Cl}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_n]^-\quad \dots\text{(A)}$$
$$6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Mg}^{2+} \longrightarrow [\text{Mg}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{2+}\quad \dots\text{(B)}$$
water behaves as
a.
An acid in both (A) and (B)
b.
An acid in (A) and a base in (B)
Correct Answer
c.
A base in (A) an acid in (B)
d.
A base in both (A) and (B)
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In reaction (A), $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ donates hydrogen-bond interactions (accepts electron density via its electropositive H atoms, acting as a Lewis acid or hydrogen-bond donor toward the Lewis base $\text{Cl}^-$). In reaction (B), $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ donates an electron pair via its oxygen atom to the $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ cation, forming coordination bonds, and thus acts as a Lewis base.
Q22mcq
The size of the d orbitals in $\text{Si}$, $\text{P}$, $\text{S}$ and $\text{Cl}$ follows the order.
Moving from left to right across the third period (from $\text{Si}$ to $\text{Cl}$), the effective nuclear charge ($Z_{\text{eff}}$) increases. As $Z_{\text{eff}}$ increases, the valence orbitals, including the empty $3d$ orbitals, contract in size. Therefore, the size of the $d$ orbitals follows the order: $\text{Si} > \text{P} > \text{S} > \text{Cl}$.
Q23mcq
The correct structure of basic beryllium nitrate is:
a.
(a)
Correct Answer
b.
(b)
c.
(c)
d.
(d)
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Basic beryllium nitrate has the formula $\text{Be}_4\text{O}(\text{NO}_3)_6$. It has a central oxygen atom tetrahedrally coordinated to four beryllium atoms, with the nitrate groups bridging the edges of the $\text{Be}_4$ tetrahedron, analogous to basic beryllium acetate, $\text{Be}_4\text{O}(\text{CH}_3\text{COO})_6$.
Q24mcq
The total number of lone pairs of electrons in $\text{I}_3^-$ is:
a.
Zero
b.
Three
c.
Six
d.
Nine
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
The triiodide ion, $\text{I}_3^-$, consists of a central iodine atom with 3 lone pairs and 2 bonding pairs (linear geometry, $sp^3d$ hybridization). The two terminal iodine atoms each possess 3 lone pairs. Therefore, the total number of lone pairs in $\text{I}_3^-$ is $3 + 3 + 3 = 9$.
Q25mcq
If Mössbauer spectrum of $\text{Fe}(\text{CO})_5$ is recorded in the presence of a magnetic field, the original spectrum with two lines changes into the one with
a.
Three lines
b.
Four lines
c.
Five lines
d.
Six lines
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In $^{57}\text{Fe}$ Mössbauer spectroscopy, the excited state has nuclear spin $I = 3/2$ and the ground state has $I = 1/2$. In the absence of an applied magnetic field, a non-cubic environment like in trigonal bipyramidal $\text{Fe}(\text{CO})_5$ shows quadrupole splitting giving a two-line spectrum (doublet). When an external magnetic field is applied, the nuclear Zeeman effect lifts the degeneracy of both the ground state ($m_I = \pm 1/2$, split into 2 levels) and the excited state ($m_I = \pm 1/2, \pm 3/2$, split into 4 levels). According to the selection rule $\Delta m_I = 0, \pm 1$, transitions between these levels result in a 6-line pattern.
Q26mcq
The spectrophotometric response for the titration of a mixture of $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ and $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ ions against EDTA is given below.
The correct statement is:
Volume $\text{ab} \equiv [\text{Cu}^{2+}]$ and volume $\text{cd} \equiv [\text{Fe}^{3+}]$
c.
Volume $\text{ab} \equiv [\text{Fe}^{3+}]$ and volume $\text{ab} \equiv \text{excess EDTA}$
d.
Volume $\text{ab} \equiv [\text{Cu}^{2+}]$ and volume $\text{cd} \equiv \text{excess EDTA}$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
EDTA forms complexes with $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ with a much higher stability constant ($\log K_f \approx 25.1$) than with $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ ($\log K_f \approx 18.8$). Thus, during titration with EDTA, $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ is complexed first, corresponding to the initial region/titrant volume $\text{ab} \equiv [\text{Fe}^{3+}]$, followed by titration of $\text{Cu}^{2+}$, which corresponds to region $\text{cd} \equiv [\text{Cu}^{2+}]$.
Q27mcq
In 'carbon-dating' application of radioisotopes, $^{14}\text{C}$ emits
a.
$\beta-\text{particle}$
Correct Answer
b.
$\alpha-\text{particle}$
c.
$\gamma-\text{radiation}$
d.
Positron.
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
In radiocarbon dating, $^{14}\text{C}$ decays via spontaneous $\beta^-$ emission to nitrogen-14 according to the nuclear reaction: $^{14}_6\text{C} \longrightarrow {^{14}_7\text{N}} + \text{e}^- + \bar{\nu}_e$.
Q28mcq
The actual base pairs present in the double helical structure of DNA containing adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G), are
a.
AG and CT
b.
AC and GT
c.
AG and AC
d.
AT and GC
Correct Answer
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
According to the Watson-Crick base-pairing rules in the DNA double helix, adenine (A) pairs specifically with thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds, and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds.
Q29mcq
The oxidation state of iron in met-hemoglobin is
a.
Three
Correct Answer
b.
Two
c.
Four
d.
Zero
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
Met-hemoglobin (metHb) is the oxidized form of hemoglobin in which the iron in the heme group is in the $+3$ (ferric) oxidation state instead of the $+2$ (ferrous) state found in normal hemoglobin.
Q30mcq
The reactions of $\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_4$ with the ligand $(\text{L} = \text{PMe}_3\text{ or }\text{P}(\text{OMe})_3)\text{L}$ yields $\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_3\text{L}$. The reaction is
a.
Associative
b.
Dissociative
Correct Answer
c.
Interchange $(\text{I}_\text{a})$
d.
Interchange $(\text{I}_\text{d})$
Step-by-Step AI Explanation
Verified Method
$\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_4$ is an 18-electron saturated tetrahedral complex. Ligand substitution reactions in 18-electron metal carbonyl complexes typically proceed via a dissociative mechanism (loss of a CO ligand to form a 16-electron intermediate, $\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_3$, followed by rapid coordination of the incoming ligand L).
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For the reaction, $\text{trans-}[\text{IrCl}(\text{CO})(\text{PPh}_3)_2] + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{trans-}[\text{IrCl}_3(\text{CO})(\text{PPh}_3)_2]$, the correct observation
For a diatomic molecule AB, the energy for the rotational transition from $\text{J} = 0$ to $\text{J} = 1$ state is $3.9\text{ cm}^{-1}$. The energy for the rotational transition from $\text{J} = 3$ to $\text{J} = 4$ state would be
a.
$3.9\text{ cm}^{-1}$
b.
$7.8\text{ cm}^{-1}$
c.
$11.7\text{ cm}^{-1}$
d.
$15.6\text{ cm}^{-1}$
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The data obtained from two sets of experiments A and B have the following characteristics
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\textbf{Experiment} & \textbf{A} & \textbf{B} \\
\textbf{Mean} & 50 units & 100 units \\
\textbf{Standard deviation} & 2 units & 2 units
\end{tabular}
It may be concluded that
a.
A is more precise than B
b.
A is less precise than B
c.
A and B are of the same precision
d.
Relative precision of A and B cannot be assessed.
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Among the following, the compound that undergoes deprotection easily on treatment with hydrogen in the presence of $10\%\text{ Pd/C}$ to generate $\text{RNH}_2$ is:
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In the $400\text{ MHz}$ $^1\text{H}$ NMR spectrum, of organic compound exhibited a doublet. The two lines of the doublet are at $\delta\ 2.35$ and $2.38\text{ ppm}$. The coupling constant ($J$) value is
a.
$3\text{ Hz}$
b.
$6\text{ Hz}$
c.
$9\text{ Hz}$
d.
$12\text{ Hz}$
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In the following reactions carried out in liquid $\text{NH}_3$,
$$\text{Zn}\left(\text{NH}_2\right)_2 + 2\text{ KNH}_2 \longrightarrow \text{K}_2\left[\text{Zn}\left(\text{NH}_2\right)_4\right]$$
$$\text{K}_2\left[\text{Zn}\left(\text{NH}_2\right)_4\right] + 2\text{ NH}_4\text{NO}_3 \longrightarrow \text{Zn}\left(\text{NH}_2\right)_2 + 2\text{ KNO}_3 + 4\text{ NH}_3$$
$\text{KNH}_2$ and $\text{NH}_4\text{NO}_3$ act respectively as
a.
Solvo-acid and solvo-base
b.
Solvo-base and solvo-acid
c.
Conjugate acid and conjugate base
d.
Conjugate base and conjugate acid
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The quantitative determination of $\text{N}_2\text{H}_4$ with $\text{KIO}_3$ proceeds in a mixture of $\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{CCl}_4$ as follows
$$\text{N}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{KIO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \longrightarrow \text{N}_2 + \text{KCl} + \text{ICl} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$
The end point for the titrimetric reaction is:
a.
Consumption of $\text{N}_2\text{H}_4$
b.
$\text{ICl}$ formation
c.
Disappearance of the Yellow color due to $\text{Cl}_2$ in $\text{CCl}_4$ layer.
d.
Displacement of the Red color due to $\text{I}_2$ in $\text{CCl}_4$ layer.
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The carbonyl resonance in $^{13}\text{C}$ NMR spectrum of $[(\eta^5-\text{C}_5\text{H}_5)\text{Rh}(\text{CO})]_3$ ($^{103}\text{Rh}$, nuclear spin, $\text{I} = 1/2$, $100\%$) shows a triplet at $-65^\circ\text{ C}$ owing to the presence of
a.
Terminal $\text{CO}$
b.
$\mu_2-\text{CO}$
c.
$\mu_3-\text{CO}$
d.
$\eta^5-\text{C}_5\text{H}_5$
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Low oxidation state complexes are often air-sensitive, but are rarely water sensitive because
a.
Air is reducing in nature while water is inert
b.
Both air and water are oxidizing in nature
c.
Both air and water are not $\pi-\text{acceptors}$
d.
Complexes with low oxidation states will easily lose electrons to $\text{O}_2$ but will not bind to a $\pi-\text{donor}$ molecule like $\text{H}_2\text{O}$.
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The carbon-14 activity of an old wood sample is found to be $14.2\text{ disintegrations min}^{-1}\text{g}^{-1}$. Calculate age of old wood sample, if for a fresh wood sample carbon-14 activity is $15.3\text{ disintegrations min}^{-1}\text{g}^{-1}$ ($\text{t}_{1/2}\text{ carbon-14 is 5730 years}$), is:
a.
$5,000\text{ years}$
b.
$4,000\text{ years}$
c.
$877\text{ years}$
d.
$617\text{ years}$
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A column is packed with $0.5\text{ g}$ of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin in $\text{H}^+$ form. A $1.0\text{ M NaCl}$ solution is passed through the column until the eluant coming out becomes neutral. The collected eluant is completely neutralized by $17\text{ ml}$ of $0.5\text{ M NaOH}$. The ion exchange capacity of the resin is:
a.
$1.00\text{ meq/g}$
b.
$1.25\text{ meq/g}$
c.
$1.50\text{ meq/g}$
d.
$1.75\text{ meq/g}$
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The molar extinction coefficient of $\text{B}\ (\text{MW} = 180)$ is $4 \times 10^3\text{ lit mol}^{-1}\text{ cm}^{-1}$. One liter solution of $\text{C}$ which contains $0.1358\text{ g}$ pharmaceutical preparation of $\text{B}$, shows an absorbance of $0.411$ in a $1\text{ cm}$ quartz cell. The percentage (w/w) of $\text{B}$ in the pharmaceutical preparation is:
a.
$10.20$
b.
$14.60$
c.
$20.40$
d.
$29.12$
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The changes (from A-D given below) which occur when $\text{O}_2$ binds to hemerythrin are
(A) One iron atoms is oxidized
(B) Both the iron atoms are oxidized
(C) $\text{O}_2$ binds to one iron atom and is also hydrogen bonded.
(D) $\text{O}_2$ binds to both the iron atoms and is also hydrogen bonded.
a.
B and C
b.
B and D
c.
A and D
d.
A and C
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In photosynthetic systems the redox metalloproteins involved in electron transfer are cytochrome (cyt, b), cytochrome bf complex (cyt bf) and plastocyanin (PC). The pathway of electron flow is
The total numbers of fine and hyperfine EPR lines expected for octahedral high-spin $\text{Mn(II)}$ complexes are respectively ($\text{I} = 5/2\text{ for Mn}$)
a.
$3\text{ and }30$
b.
$5\text{ and }33$
c.
$5\text{ and }30$
d.
$4\text{ and }24$
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The Mossbauer spectra of two iron complexes are shown below. They may arise from (i) high-spin iron(III), (ii) high-spin iron(II) and (iii) low-spin iron(III)
The correct matches of spectra (A) and (B) with the iron complexes are
a.
A with (i) and B with (ii)
b.
A with (ii) and B with (i)
c.
A with (iii) and B with (ii)
d.
A with (ii) and B with (iii)
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The probability of finding the particle in a one dimensional box of length 'L' in the region between $\frac{\text{L}}{4}$ and $\frac{3\text{L}}{4}$ for quantum number $n = 1$ is:
a.
$\frac{1}{2}$
b.
$\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{\pi}$
c.
$\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{\pi}$
d.
$\frac{2}{3}$
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The following are the three statements about perturbation theory
(A) Second order perturbation correction to the ground state energy is ALWAYS negative.
(B) Sum of the zeroth order and the first order corrections to the ground state energy is ALWAYS greater than the exact ground state energy.
(C) Sum of the zeroth order and first order corrections to the ground state energy is less than the exact state energy.
From the following which one is correct?
a.
Only A is true
b.
Both A and B are true
c.
Only C is true
d.
Both B and C are true
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A square pyramidal, $\text{MX}_4$, molecule belongs to $\text{C}_{4\text{v}}$ point group. The symmetry operations are: $\text{E}$, $2\text{C}_4$, $\text{C}_2$, $2\sigma_\text{v}$ and $2\sigma_\text{d}$. The trace for the reducible representation, when symmetry operations of $\text{C}_{4\text{v}}$ applied to $\text{MX}_4$, is:
a.
5 1 1 1 3
b.
1 1 1 1 1
c.
5 1 1 1 1
d.
4 1 1 1 3
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Using cuvettes of $0.5\text{ cm}$ path length, a $10^{-4}\text{ M}$ solution of a chromophore shows $50\%$ transmittance at certain wave length. The molar extinction coefficient of the chromophore at this wave length is ($\log 2 = 0.301$)
a.
$1500\text{ M}^{-1}\text{ cm}^{-1}$
b.
$3010\text{ M}^{-1}\text{ cm}^{-1}$
c.
$5000\text{ M}^{-1}\text{ cm}^{-1}$
d.
$6020\text{ M}^{-1}\text{ cm}^{-1}$
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The set of allowed electronic transitions among the following is:
(A) $^4\Sigma \rightarrow {^2\Pi}$
(B) $^3\Sigma \rightarrow {^3\Pi}$
(C) $^1\Delta \rightarrow {^1\Delta}$
(D) $^2\Pi \rightarrow {^2\Pi}$
(E) $^3\Sigma \rightarrow {^3\Delta}$
a.
A, B, E
b.
A, C, E
c.
B, C, D
d.
C, D, E
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The following data were obtained from the vibrational fine structure in the vibronic spectrum of a diatomic molecule:
$$\omega_e = 512\text{ cm}^{-1},\; \omega_e x_e = 8\text{ cm}^{-1}$$
where $\omega_e$ is the energy associated with the natural frequency of vibration and $x_e$ is the anharmonicity constant. The dissociation energy ($ ext{D}_e$) of the molecule is:
a.
$4096\text{ cm}^{-1}$
b.
$6144\text{ cm}^{-1}$
c.
$8192\text{ cm}^{-1}$
d.
$16384\text{ cm}^{-1}$
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An ideal gas was subjected to a reversible, adiabatic, expansion and then its initial volume was restored by a reversible, isothermal compression. If ‘q’ denotes the heat added to the system and ‘w’ the work done by the system, then
a.
$w < 0,\; q < 0$
b.
$w > 0,\; q < 0$
c.
$w < 0,\; q > 0$
d.
$w > 0,\; q > 0$
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The gas phase reaction $2\text{NO}_2\,(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{N}_2\text{O}_4\,(\text{g})$ is an exothermic process. In an equilibrium mixture of $\text{NO}_2$ and $\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$, the decomposition of $\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$ can be induced by
a.
Lowering the temperature
b.
Increasing the pressure
c.
Introducing an inert gas at constant volume
d.
Introducing an inert gas at constant pressure.
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The energy levels of the harmonic oscillator (neglecting zero point energy) are $\varepsilon_v = \text{nhv}$ for $\text{n} = 0, 1, 2, \dots \infty$. Assuming $\text{h}v = \text{k}_\text{B}\text{T}$, the partition function is:
a.
$\text{e}$
b.
$\frac{1}{\text{e}}$
c.
$1 - \frac{1}{\text{e}}$
d.
$\frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{\text{e}}}$
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In the base ($\text{OH}^-$) hydrolysis of a transition metal complex $[\text{ML}_6]^{\text{Z}+}$, the slope between $\log(\text{k}/\text{k}_0)$ and $\sqrt{\text{I}}$ is found to be $-2.1$. The charge on the complex is:
a.
$+1$
b.
$+2$
c.
$+3$
d.
$+4$
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The rate law for one of the mechanism of the pyrolysis of $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$ at $520^\circ\text{C}$ and $0.2\text{ bar}$ is
$$\text{Rate} = -\left[\text{k}_2 \left(\frac{\text{k}_1}{2\text{k}_4}\right)^{1/2}\right][\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}]^{3/2}$$
The overall activation energy $\text{E}$, in terms of the rate law is:
In the Michaelis-Menten mechanism for enzyme kinetics, the expression obtained is:
$$\frac{\text{v}}{[\text{E}]_0[\text{S}]} = 1.4 \times 10^{12} - \frac{10^4 \text{v}}{[\text{E}]_0}$$
The values of $\text{k}_3$ ($\text{k}_{\text{exp}}$, $\text{mol }\text{L}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}$) and $\text{K}$ (Michaelis constant, $\text{mol }\text{L}^{-1}$), respectively are
a.
$1.4 \times 10^{12}, 10^4$
b.
$1.4 \times 10^8, 10^4$
c.
$1.4 \times 10^8, 10^{-4}$
d.
$1.4 \times 10^{12}, 10^{-4}$
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The wavelength and the spectral region for a single electron transfer across the band gap in a semi-conductor $\left(\mathrm{E}_x = 1.98 \times 10^{-19}\right)$ are $\left[\mathrm{h} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}\ \mathrm{Js}, \mathrm{c} = 3 \times 10^8\ \mathrm{ms}^{-1}\right]$
a.
$1000\text{ nm}$, UV
b.
$1000\text{ nm}$, IR
c.
$500\text{ nm}$, visible
d.
$500\text{ nm}$, FAR IR
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The number-average molar mass $(\overline{\mathrm{M}}_\mathrm{n})$ and weight-average molar mass $(\overline{\mathrm{M}}_\mathrm{w})$ of a polymer are obtained respectively by
a.
Osmometry and light scattering measurements
b.
Osmometry and viscosity measurements
c.
Light scattering and sedimentation measurements
d.
Viscosity and light scattering measurements
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Two data sets involving the same variables $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Y}$ are given below
$$\begin{array}{lcccccc}
\mathbf{X} & 4.1 & 4.2 & 4.3 & 4.4 & 4.5 & 4.6 \\
\mathbf{Y}(\text{set A}) & 10.2 & 10.6 & 10.9 & 11.5 & 11.8 & 12.2 \\
\mathbf{Y}(\text{set B}) & 10.2 & 10.6 & 11.1 & 11.3 & 11.8 & 12.2
\end{array}$$
If the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines for the two sets are denoted by $(\mathrm{m_A}, \mathrm{m_B})$ and $(\mathrm{C_A}, \mathrm{C_B})$, respectively, then
Compounds $\mathrm{A}$ and $\mathrm{B}$ exhibit two singlets, each in their $^1\mathrm{H}\text{ NMR}$ spectra. The expected chemical shifts are at $\delta$
a.
$6.9$ and $2.1$ for $\mathrm{A}$; $7.7$ and $3.9$ for $\mathrm{B}$
b.
$7.7$ and $3.9$ for $\mathrm{A}$; $6.9$ and $2.1$ for $\mathrm{B}$
c.
$6.9$ and $3.9$ for $\mathrm{A}$; $7.7$ and $2.1$ for $\mathrm{B}$
d.
$7.7$ and $2.1$ for $\mathrm{A}$; $6.9$ and $3.9$ for $\mathrm{B}$
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The major compound B formed in the reaction sequence given below exhibited a carbonyl absorption band at $1770\text{ cm}^{-1}$ in the IR spectrum. The structure A and B are
a.
A is hydroxy ester; B is cis-fused bicyclic lactone
b.
A is hydroxy ester with different stereochemistry; B is unsaturated bicyclic lactone
c.
A is (1R, 4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ol derivative, B is bicyclic lactone as shown
d.
A is (1S, 4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ol derivative, B is bicyclic lactone as shown
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Considering the following reaction, among A-C, the correct statements are
(A) The carbonyl group has enantiotopic faces;
(B) The hydride attack is re-facial;
(C) It is a diastereoselective reduction.
a.
(A) and (B) only
b.
(A) and (C) only
c.
(B) and (C) only
d.
(A), (B) and (C)
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