Why has India adopted a multi-party system ? Explain.
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India has adopted a multi-party system because of its immense social and geographical diversity. A two-party or single-party system would be unable to accommodate the vast range of regional, cultural, linguistic, and religious interests present in a country as large and diverse as India. The multi-party system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
Q2short answer2 marks
Examine the significance of air transport.
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Air transport is the fastest, most comfortable, and most prestigious mode of transport. It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests, and long oceanic stretches with great ease. It is indispensable for reaching remote areas of the North-Eastern states, where road and rail transport are difficult, and it plays a crucial role during national calamities and emergencies.
Q3short answer2 marks
How do political parties shape public opinion ?
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Political parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues of national concern. They have lakhs of members and activists spread across the country who mobilize the public. Parties often launch movements to solve problems faced by the people, and their opinions and manifestos help crystallize public sentiment, ultimately influencing government policy and legislative action.
Q4short answer2 marks
Why did Indian merchants and industrialists support the Civil Disobedience Movement ? Explain.
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Indian merchants and industrialists supported the Civil Disobedience Movement because they wanted protection against the import of foreign goods. They formed bodies like the FICCI and felt that colonial policies restricted business expansion. By supporting the movement, they hoped to gain favorable conditions for domestic trade and end the economic dominance of British enterprises.
Q5short answer1 mark
Which is the basic material required for garment manufacturing ?
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The basic material required for garment manufacturing is fiber (which is processed into yarn and fabric). Options like 'machinery' or 'labor' are factors of production, but 'fiber/fabric' is the foundational material input.
Q6short answer1 mark
Give one example of value addition in the textile industry.
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An example of value addition in the textile industry is the conversion of raw cotton fiber into yarn, then into fabric (weaving), and finally into a finished garment through tailoring/stitching.
Q7short answer3 marks
Differentiate between formal and informal sources of Credit.
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Formal sources of credit include banks and cooperatives, which are supervised by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and charge reasonable, fixed interest rates. In contrast, informal sources of credit include moneylenders, traders, relatives, or friends; these are not regulated by any government body, often charge much higher interest rates, and may use unfair means to recover loans.
Q8short answer3 marks
How does a bank work as a key component of the financial system ? Explain.
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Banks serve as a vital link between depositors and borrowers. They accept deposits from people who have surplus money and pay them interest. They then use a major portion of these deposits to provide loans to those in need, such as businesses or individuals, at a higher interest rate. The difference between the interest earned from borrowers and the interest paid to depositors is the bank's main source of income, thereby facilitating economic activity by circulating capital.
Q9long answer5 marks
Democracy is a better form of government than any other.
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Democracy is considered a better form of government due to several reasons: 1. It promotes equality among citizens: Every citizen has equal political rights, including the right to vote and contest elections. 2. It enhances the dignity of the individual: It recognizes that every individual is entitled to respect and freedom. 3. It improves the quality of decision-making: Since democracy is based on consultation and discussion, it reduces the possibility of rash or irresponsible decisions. 4. It provides a method to resolve conflicts: In a diverse society, democracy allows for peaceful negotiations and accommodation of differences. 5. It allows room to correct mistakes: Rulers can be held accountable, and public opinion can force changes in policies, providing a self-correcting mechanism that non-democratic regimes lack.
Q10long answer5 marks
Analyse the reasons for the overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.
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The overwhelming global support for democracy stems from the following: 1. Accountability: Unlike dictatorships, democratic governments are accountable to the people and have to respond to their needs and expectations. 2. Legitimacy: It is a legitimate government as it is elected by the people, and therefore, people have a sense of ownership over the governance process. 3. Civil Rights: It protects the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, such as freedom of speech, expression, and assembly. 4. Economic Development: While not an automatic guarantee, democracy generally encourages a more inclusive and stable environment conducive to long-term economic prosperity. 5. Political Equality: The principle of 'one person, one vote' ensures that even the marginalized have a voice in shaping national policy, which is not guaranteed under autocratic or aristocratic systems.
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