Write the coordination number and oxidation state of Platinum in the complex [Pt(en)2Cl2 ].
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Coordination number of Pt is 6 (since 'en' is a didentate ligand, 2 x 2 = 4, plus 2 chloro ligands = 6). Oxidation state: Let x be the oxidation state of Pt. x + 2(0) + 2(-1) = 0, so x = +2. Thus, coordination number is 6 and oxidation state is +2.
Q2short answer1 mark
Analysis shows that FeO has a non-stoichiometric composition with formula Fe0ยท95O. Give reason.
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FeO is non-stoichiometric because of metal deficiency defect. Some Fe2+ ions are missing from the crystal lattice, and to maintain electrical neutrality, some Fe2+ ions are replaced by Fe3+ ions, resulting in a composition of Fe0.95O.
Q3short answer1 mark
Out of chlorobenzene and benzyl chloride, which one gets easily hydrolysed by aqueous NaOH and why ?
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Benzyl chloride is more easily hydrolysed. In benzyl chloride, the C-Cl bond is weaker due to the absence of resonance, and the carbocation formed is resonance-stabilized. In chlorobenzene, the C-Cl bond acquires partial double bond character due to resonance, making it difficult to break.
Q4short answer1 mark
Write the IUPAC name of the following : CH3 | CH3 โ C โ CH โ CH3 | | C2H5 OH
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3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol. The longest chain contains 5 carbons, with a hydroxyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 3.
Q5short answer1 mark
CO (g) and H2 (g) react to give different products in the presence of different catalysts. Which ability of the catalyst is shown by these reactions ?
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This illustrates the 'selectivity' of the catalyst, which is the ability of a catalyst to direct a reaction to yield a specific product.
Q6short answer2 marks
Among the hydrides of Group-15 elements, which have the (a) lowest boiling point ? (b) maximum basic character ? (c) highest bond angle ? (d) maximum reducing character ?
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(a) PH3 has the lowest boiling point due to weak van der Waals forces. (b) NH3 has the maximum basic character due to the small size of the N atom and high electron density on the lone pair. (c) NH3 has the highest bond angle (107ยฐ) because of the small size of N and repulsion between bond pairs. (d) BiH3 has the maximum reducing character due to the longest and weakest M-H bond.
Q7short answer2 marks
Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose (Molar mass = 180 g molโ1 ) in 250 g of water. (Kf of water = 1ยท86 K kg molโ1 )
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Given: w2 = 60g, M2 = 180g/mol, w1 = 250g = 0.25kg, Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol. Molality (m) = (60/180) / 0.25 = 1.333 mol/kg. Depression in freezing point (ฮTf) = Kf * m = 1.86 * 1.333 = 2.48 K. Freezing point of solution = 273.15 - 2.48 = 270.67 K.
Q8short answer2 marks
How do you convert the following ? (a) Ethanal to Propanone (b) Toluene to Benzoic acid OR Account for the following : (a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. (b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.
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(a) Ethanal + CH3MgBr followed by H3O+ gives Propan-2-ol, which on oxidation with PCC gives Propanone. (b) Oxidation of Toluene with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives Benzoic acid. OR (a) The -COOH group is strongly deactivating and the carbonyl carbon carries a partial positive charge, which withdraws electrons from the ring, making it inert to electrophilic substitution. (b) The -NO2 group is electron-withdrawing; it stabilizes the carboxylate anion through the inductive and resonance effects, increasing acidity and decreasing pKa.
Q8short answer
How do you convert the following ? (a) Ethanal to Propanone (b) Toluene to Benzoic acid
Account for the following : (a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. (b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.
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(a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction because the -COOH group is strongly deactivating and withdraws electrons from the ring. Furthermore, the carboxyl group forms a complex with the AlCl3 catalyst, which deactivates the ring further. (b) 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is a stronger acid than benzoic acid because the nitro group (-NO2) is electron-withdrawing. It stabilizes the carboxylate anion through the inductive and resonance effects, thereby increasing the dissociation constant (Ka) and decreasing the pKa value.
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For the reaction 2N2O5 (g) -> 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g), the rate of formation of NO2 (g) is 2ยท8 10โ3 M sโ1. Calculate the rate of disappearance of N2O5 (g).
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(a) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair : (b) Write the structure of the product when chlorobenzene is treated with methyl chloride in the presence of sodium metal and dry ether. (c) Write the structure of the alkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with alcoholic KOH.
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A first order reaction is 50% completed in 40 minutes at 300 K and in 20 minutes at 320 K. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. (Given : log 2 = 0ยท3010, log 4 = 0ยท6021, R = 8ยท314 JKโ1 molโ1)
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An element โXโ (At. mass = 40 g molโ1) having f.c.c. structure, has unit cell edge length of 400 pm. Calculate the density of โXโ and the number of unit cells in 4 g of โXโ. (NA = 6ยท022 1023 molโ1)
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Give reasons for the following : (a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar masses of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers. (b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water. (c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1 M sugar solution.
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What happens when (a) a freshly prepared precipitate of Fe(OH)3 is shaken with a small amount of FeCl3 solution ? (b) persistent dialysis of a colloidal solution is carried out ? (c) an emulsion is centrifuged ?
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(A), (B) and (C) are three non-cyclic functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with molecular formula C4H8O. Isomers (A) and (C) give positive Tollensโ test whereas isomer (B) does not give Tollensโ test but gives positive Iodoform test. Isomers (A) and (B) on reduction with Zn(Hg)/conc. HCl give the same product (D). (a) Write the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D). (b) Out of (A), (B) and (C) isomers, which one is least reactive towards addition of HCN ?
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(a) Why is bithional added to soap ? (b) What is tincture of iodine ? Write its one use. (c) Among the following, which one acts as a food preservative ? Aspartame, Aspirin, Sodium Benzoate, Paracetamol
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(a) Write the formula of the following coordination compound : Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) (b) What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Co(NH3 )5Cl]SO4 ? (c) Write the hybridisation and number of unpaired electrons in the complex [CoF6 ] 3โ . (Atomic No. of Co = 27)
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Define the following with an example of each : (a) Polysaccharides (b) Denatured protein (c) Essential amino acids. OR (a) Write the product when D-glucose reacts with conc. HNO3 . (b) Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour. Why ? (c) Write one difference between ๏ก-helix and ๏ข-pleated structures of proteins.
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Give reasons : (a) E o value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Fe3+/Fe2+ . (b) Iron has higher enthalpy of atomization than that of copper. (c) Sc3+ is colourless in aqueous solution whereas Ti3+ is coloured.
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Shyam went to a grocery shop to purchase some food items. The shopkeeper gave all the items in polythene bags. But Shyam refused to take polythene bags and asked the shopkeeper to give items in paper bags. He informed the shopkeeper that heavy fine is imposed by the government on the use of polythene bags. The shopkeeper promised to use paper bags instead of polythene bags in future. Answer the following : (a) Write the values shown by Shyam (at least two). (b) Write one structural difference between low density polythene and high density polythene. (c) Why did Shyam refuse to take items in polythene bags ? (d) What is a biodegradable polymer ? Give one example.
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(a) Write the reactions involved in the following : (i) Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction (ii) Diazotisation (iii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis (b) Give reasons : (i) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution. (ii) Aromatic diazonium salts are more stable than aliphatic diazonium salts.
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OR (a) Write the structures of the main products of the following reactions : (b) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between Aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline. (c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pKb values : C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3
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(a) Give reasons : (i) H3PO3 undergoes disproportionation reaction but H3PO4 does not. (ii) When Cl2 reacts with excess of F2, ClF3 is formed and not FCl3. (iii) Dioxygen is a gas while Sulphur is a solid at room temperature. (b) Draw the structures of the following : (i) XeF4 (ii) HClO3
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OR (a) When concentrated sulphuric acid was added to an unknown salt present in a test tube a brown gas (A) was evolved. This gas intensified when copper turnings were added to this test tube. On cooling, the gas (A) changed into a colourless solid (B). (i) Identify (A) and (B). (ii) Write the structures of (A) and (B). (iii) Why does gas (A) change to solid on cooling ? (b) Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their reducing character : HF, HCl, HBr, HI (c) Complete the following reaction : XeF4 + SbF5 โถ
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(a) Write the cell reaction and calculate the e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K : Sn (s) | Sn2+ (0ยท004 M) || H + (0ยท020 M) | H2 (g) (1 bar) | Pt (s) (Given : o / Sn 2 Sn E ๏ซ = โ 0ยท14 V) (b) Give reasons : (i) On the basis of Eo values, O2 gas should be liberated at anode but it is Cl2 gas which is liberated in the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl. (ii) Conductivity of CH3COOH decreases on dilution.
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OR (a) For the reaction 2AgCl (s) + H2 (g) (1 atm) ๏พ๏พ๏ฎ 2Ag (s) + 2H+ (0ยท1 M) + 2Clโ (0ยท1 M), ๏G o = โ 43600 J at 25๏ฐC. Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell. [log 10โn = โ n] (b) Define fuel cell and write its two advantages.
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